Monkey - Saru

Japanese: 猿 - さる

1. A general term for mammals in the order Primates excluding the Hominidae family. Zoologically, it is the general term for the order Primates. They are the second highest animal after humans, and many of them are highly intelligent, with a developed cerebrum, as well as eyesight (including color vision) and hearing. Their faces are exposed, their eyes face forward, and they can grasp objects with their hands and feet. They live in groups in forests and eat leaves, fruit, and insects. There are 181 species in 12 families, 58 genera, including gorillas, baboons, spider monkeys, and lemurs. They are divided into prosimians and anthropoids, the latter of which are further divided into platyrrhines (New World monkeys), catarrhines (Old World monkeys), and apes. In Japan, there is only one species of monkey, the Japanese macaque, and this is usually the term used to refer to it. ※Nihon Shoki (720), Emperor Kōgyoku Year 3, June (Kitano Edition, Nanbokuchō Period) “A man saw a monkey sleeping in the daytime on Mt. Miwa . He secretly grabbed its arm and did not harm it.”② ① is a word used to describe someone who is quick, cunning, lowly, or restless. ( a ) A word used to mock someone who is cunning and has little talent, or who is good at imitating others. ※Essays, Dandaishoshinroku (1808), 55 “Now that I hear about it, the guest is a thief and the owner is a monkey, so it's not a good idea to put them together.” (b) A word used to mock a clumsy or stupid person. *Kabuki: Kuwanaya Tokuzou Iribune Monogatari (1770), vol. 5 "Let's keep that Umi Tonbaume in the house and turn that slave into a monkey to investigate whether he is a stray." ( Ha ) A person who is careless in speech and actions and restless. [Shinsen Osaka Kotoba Daizen (1841)] ( Ni ) A word used mainly to derogate small people and servants. *Joruri: Keisei Shuten Doji (1718), vol. 3 "Sarume, go ahead and serve me some rice cakes." (From the practice of scratching off the dirt from bathers ) Another name for a bathhouse girl in the Edo period. A bathhouse girl. A girl who scrapes off dirt. ※Haiku, Osaka Dokuginshu (1675), part 2: "Onozukara kakitsukushite yohizengasa Saru to yufube no dew wa mizukane (Migaku)"④ A word from the Kamigata region of the Edo period referring to police officers and detectives. ※Haiku, Saikaku Oyakazu (1681), part 13 : "Head is the monkey, he summons the police officers and police officers, he puts his elbows in this chisel ."⑤ A piece of wood or metal that slides up and down or sideways and is inserted into holes in the surrounding wood to close doors or shutters. Those that are inserted into the top of the door are called agezaru , those that are inserted into the bottom frame are called otoshizaru , and those that are inserted sideways are called yokozaru. Kururu. ※Miscellaneous haiku, Yanagi Taru-Ichigosan (1838-40), "The monkey on the door is attached to prevent the door from becoming long-handed."⑥ A tool attached to the bamboo that hangs the lock, to keep the lock raised and in place. Often made from kelpwood. Small monkey . ⑦ A small piece of paper is folded over to make a shape like a tied monkey, a hole is drilled in the center, and the toy is threaded through the string of a hoisted kite , allowing it to climb up to the eye of the kite. ※Essays, Kiyu Shoran (1830), 6, "If you attach it to the hot kite string and pull it up, it will rise up to the eye of the kite. This is called playing with a monkey." ⑧ A game in which you tie a mandarin orange bag with yarn to make the shape of ①. ※Ukiyo-zoshi Koshoku Ichidai Otoko (1682), 6: "Last autumn, I had my black hair removed and played with monkeys at night." ⑨ In the Edo period, it meant a needle stick. ※Zappai Orikubukuro (1779), "The hated monkey in the needle box." ⑩ Abbreviation of "Sarubai (monkey crawling)." ※Collected Words (around 1797), "There is a monkey crawling in the Go team. It is also called Saruhahi ."

Mashi [Monkey]

〘Noun〙 Another name for "saru (monkey)". ※Murasaki Shikibu Collection (around 1012-17) "Mashimo mada wo chiho jin no koe kahase ga kowaburutako no yohi saka" [Additional note] From the Middle Ages onwards, "mashi" and "mashira" were used in waka poetry, while "saru" was used in other areas such as kotobuki, so it is recognized that "mashi" was a poetic word.

Mashira [Monkey]

〘Noun〙 Another name for "Saru (Monkey)". ※Kokin (905-914) Miscellaneous Body 1067 "I wonder if there is a place like this in the mountains today, where I don't know how to live". (Bonkawachi Munehisa)

Source: The Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary About the Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary Information

Japanese:

〘名〙① 霊長目のうちヒト科を除いた哺乳類の総称。動物学的には霊長目を総称していう。ヒトにつぐ高等動物で、大脳のほか色覚を含む視覚、聴覚が発達し知能の高いものが多い。顔が裸出し、目は前方に向かい、手と足で物を握ることができる。森林などで群をなしてすみ、木の葉、果実、昆虫などを食べる。ゴリラ、ヒヒ、クモザル、キツネザルなど一二科五八属一八一種がいる。原猿類と真猿類とに分けられ、後者はさらに広鼻猿類（新世界サル類）、狭鼻猿類（旧世界サル類）、類人猿類に区分される。日本にはニホンザル一種だけで、ふつうこれをさしていう。※書紀（720）皇極三年六月（北野本南北朝期訓）「人有りて、三輪山に猿(サル)の昼睡るを見る。竊に其の臂を執(とら)へて、其の身を害(そこな)はず」② ①を、すばしっこくずるいもの、卑しいもの、落ち着きのないものなどと見て、それに似た人をたとえていう語。(イ) ずるくて小才のきく者、またはまねのじょうずな者などを、あざけっていう語。※随筆・胆大小心録（1808）五五「今きけば、客は小ぬす人で、おやまは猿で、きき合せてあふ事じゃげな」(ロ) 野暮な者やまぬけな者をあざけっていう語。※歌舞伎・桑名屋徳蔵入船物語（1770）五「あの海とんばうめを屋敷に留め置き、彼奴(きゃつ)めを猿にして紛れ者の詮議いたさう」(ハ) 言語、動作の軽はずみで落ち着きのない者。〔新撰大阪詞大全（1841）〕(ニ) 主として小者(こもの)、召使いなどを卑しめていう語。※浄瑠璃・傾城酒呑童子（1718）三「さるめ、先へいて善哉餠いひ付よ」③ (浴客の垢(あか)を掻(か)くところから) 江戸時代、湯女(ゆな)の別称。風呂屋女。垢かき女。※俳諧・大坂独吟集（1675）下「をのづから書つくしてよひぜんがさ猿とゆふべの露は水かね〈未学〉」④ 岡っ引き、目明しをいう江戸時代、上方の語。※俳諧・西鶴大矢数（1681）第一三「頭は猿与力同心召連て此穿鑿に膓をたつ」⑤ 扉(とびら)や雨戸の戸締まりをするために、上下、あるいは横にすべらせ、周囲の材の穴に差し込む木、あるいは金物。戸の上部に差し込むものを上猿(あげざる)、下の框(かまち)に差し込むものを落猿(おとしざる)、横に差し込むものを横猿という。くるる。※雑俳・柳多留‐一五三（1838‐40）「戸の猿は手長を防ぐ為に付け」⑥ 自在かぎをつるす竹にとりつけ、自在かぎを上げて留めておく用具。多くグミの木で作る。小猿(こざる)。⑦ 小さい紙片を折り返して括猿(くくりざる)のような形をつくり、その中央に穴をあけ、揚げた凧(たこ)の糸に通して、凧の糸目の所までのぼり行かせるしかけの玩具。※随筆・嬉遊笑覧（1830）六「のぼせたる凧の糸にとをし糸をしゃくり上れば凧の糸めの処まで上り行なり。是を猿をやるといふ」⑧ ミカンの実の袋を糸毛でくくって、①の形をこしらえる遊び。※浮世草子・好色一代男（1682）六「過にし秋、自が黒髪をぬかせられ、猿(サル)などして遊びし夜は」⑨ 江戸時代、針さしのこと。※雑俳・折句袋（1779）「憎まれて居る針箱の猿」⑩ 「さるばい（猿匐）」の略。※俚言集覧（1797頃）「猿匐(サルハヒ) 碁勢にあり。又猿とばかりも云」