…However, in actual examples, there are societies that have both of the above characteristics, societies that have only one of the characteristics, and even societies with a dualistic view of the universe that corresponds to a bipartite organization. A concept similar to the aforementioned “half tribe” is the “phratry,” which takes its name from the ancient Greek political and religious group, phratria. A “phratry” is usually a larger classification unit than a clan, and is a unit based on two or more classification recognitions. Therefore, a “phratry” cannot necessarily be an organization that divides a society in two, and usually exists as a mere category, but when clans unite to form a bipartite organization of a reciprocal society, it can become a unit of a “bipartite organization.” … *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "phratry" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…ただし実際の例においては,上記二つの特徴をあわせもっている社会もあれば,いずれか一方の特徴しかもたないという社会もあり,さらに双分組織に対応するような二元論的宇宙観をともなった社会もあるというように多様である。 なお,先にいう〈半族〉と類似した概念として,古代ギリシアの政治・宗教的集団であるフラトリアphratriaを語源とする〈胞族phratry〉があるが,〈胞族〉は通常,氏族の単位よりも大きな類別上の単位であり,二つあるいはそれ以上の類別上の認識を基礎とした単位である。したがって〈胞族〉は,かならずしも社会を二分するような組織とはなりえず,通常は単なるカテゴリーとして存在しているが,氏族が連合して互酬的な社会の二分割組織を構成しようとすると,〈双分組織〉の単位となりうることもある。… ※「phratry」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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