Barrage

Japanese: 堰 - せき(英語表記)barrage
Barrage

A structure built across a river or waterway to control the flow. Examples include intake weirs, which raise the water level upstream of the weir to allow for a stable intake of irrigation water, diversion weirs (diversion weirs), which are installed near the branching point of a river or waterway to adjust the amount of water diverted into a tributary or diversion channel, tidal weirs, which prevent saltwater from invading, and estuary weirs, which prevent salt damage and supply irrigation water. There are movable weirs, which can artificially adjust the water level and flow rate, and fixed weirs, which cannot be adjusted. Movable weirs are equipped with gates that can be operated according to the river flow rate to adjust the water level upstream of the weir and the amount of water discharged from the weir. In the event of a flood, the gates are fully opened to allow the floodwater to flow downstream. Weirs are equipped with fishways and locks as necessary.

There are also weirs (discharge weirs) used to measure the flow rate of open channels such as experimental channels and artificial channels. Discharge weirs are classified into two types: sharp-crested weirs and wide-crested weirs.

[Noboru Ikawa]

[References] | Estuarine barrage | Fishway | Lock

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

流れを制御するために河川、水路などを横断してつくられる構造物。堰上流の水位を高くして用水を安定して取水できるようにするための取水堰、河川・水路の分流点付近に設置して派川・分水路への分流量を調節するための分流堰(分水堰)、塩水の遡上(そじょう)を阻止するための潮止堰(しおどめせき)、塩害防止と用水供給のための河口堰などがある。堰には水位、流量を人為的に調節できる可動堰と調節できない固定堰がある。可動堰にはゲートが取り付けられ、河川流量に応じてゲートを操作して堰上流の水位と堰からの放流量を調節する。洪水時にはゲートを全開して、洪水を流下させる。堰には必要に応じて魚道や閘門を設置する。

 実験水路や人工水路などの開水路の流れの流量を測定するための堰(流量堰)もある。流量堰には刃形(はがた)堰と広頂(こうちょう)堰がある。

[鮏川 登]

[参照項目] | 河口堰 | 魚道 | 閘門

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