A diagram of 12 points based on monthly averages in each region, with relative humidity on the horizontal axis and wet-bulb temperature on the vertical axis, and connected by lines in the order of months. Also called a climogram. Because wet-bulb temperature data is difficult to obtain, dry-bulb temperature (air temperature) is actually used. In 1915, Australian G. Taylor invented it as a way to express the climate experienced by the human eye. The characteristics of the climate in each region can be easily seen from the diagram. A similar diagram using temperature and precipitation, for which there is ample data, is called a hythergraph, but in a broad sense, this is often included in the climograph. Since temperature is related to the amount of evaporation, the hythergraph can also conveniently express the water balance (precipitation minus evaporation). Synoptic climographs have also been invented, which include symbolized cloud cover, wind direction, and wind speed. [Yoshiharu Mizukoshi and Yoshitaka Fukuoka] [References] | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
直交座標の横軸に相対湿度、縦軸に湿球温度をとり、各地における毎月の平均値により12の点を決め、月の順にこれを直線で結んで得られる図形。クライモグラムclimogramともいう。湿球温度の資料入手が困難なため、実際には乾球温度(気温)を用いている。1915年、オーストラリアのG・テーラーが体感気候表現の一方法として考案した。各地の気候の特徴が図形からたやすくとらえられる。資料の豊富な気温と降水量を用いた同様な図形をハイサーグラフhythergraphというが、広義にこれもクライモグラフに入れている場合が多い。気温が蒸発量の多少にかかわるという意味から、ハイサーグラフは水収支(降水量から蒸発量を引いたもの)をも表現できる便利さがある。雲量や風向、風速などを記号化して書き入れた総観クライモグラフも考案されている。 [水越允治・福岡義隆] [参照項目] | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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