A lactam (cyclic amide). It is also called 5-aminocaproic acid lactam, but the correct name is ε (epsilon)-caprolactam. It is a hygroscopic leaf-like crystal. It is easily soluble in water, ethanol (ethyl alcohol), ether, benzene, dimethylformamide, etc. Nylon 6 is made by ring-opening polymerization of caprolactam, and various synthesis methods have been developed due to its large industrial demand. It is generally made by producing cyclohexanone oxime from benzene, toluene, or phenol as a crude raw material, and then heating this with concentrated sulfuric acid to produce caprolactam through the Beckmann rearrangement. However, there are also other methods, such as cyclizing 5-aminocaproic acid, reacting ε-caprolactone with ammonia, or reacting cyclohexanone with hydroazic acid. In addition to being used as a raw material for nylon 6, it is also used as a raw material for synthesizing copolyamides by copolymerization with other monomers. [Manabu Yamamoto] [References] | | | | | | | | [Supplementary information] |©Shogakukan "> Nylon manufacturing Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ラクタム(環状アミド)の一つ。5-アミノカプロン酸ラクタムともいうが、正しくはε(エプシロン)-カプロラクタムという。吸湿性の葉状晶。水、エタノール(エチルアルコール)、エーテル、ベンゼン、ジメチルホルムアミドなどによく溶ける。カプロラクタムを開環重合させ繊維としたものがナイロン6であり、工業的な需要が大きいので種々の合成法が開発されている。ベンゼン、トルエンあるいはフェノールを粗原料としてシクロヘキサノンオキシムをつくり、これを濃硫酸と加熱しベックマン転位によってカプロラクタムとするのが一般的であるが、5-アミノカプロン酸を環化する方法、ε-カプロラクトンにアンモニアを作用させる方法、シクロヘキサノンにアジ化水素酸を作用させる方法などもある。ナイロン6の原料となるほか、他の単量体との共重合によって共ポリアミドを合成する原料としても用いられている。 [山本 学] [参照項目] | | | | | | | | [補完資料] |©Shogakukan"> ナイロンの製造 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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