Gabrielli

Japanese: ガブリエリ

Italian musician representing the Venetian School. Also called Gabrieli. (1) Andrea [1510 to 1520-1586]. Composer and organist. Born in Venice. It is said that he studied under Willard, who was the conductor of St. Mark's Cathedral, but the truth of this is uncertain. After working as an organist in various parts of northern Italy, he served for a time under Albrecht V, Duke of Bavaria, to whom he dedicated his first collection of works, Sacra Canzio, in 1565. He became the second organist at St. Mark's Cathedral in his birthplace in 1564, and the first organist in 1585. His works were mainly religious vocal music such as motets, masses, and psalms, and he established a unique style that vividly depicted the contrast of tones using multiple choirs and instrumental groups. His art had a wide influence in Italy and Germany through his pupils such as his nephew Giovanni and Hassler. Among his vocal works, he left behind six volumes of Madrigals (published 1566-1589), and three volumes of Ricercare (published posthumously), which are also important for organ music. He also left instrumental pieces. (2) Giovanni [1553-1557-1612 or 1613]. Composer. Organist. Nephew of (1). Born in Venice, he studied music under his uncle Andrea. From 1576 to 1579, he left Venice, where the plague was prevalent, to serve Albrecht V, Duke of Bavaria, in Munich, and played in the court orchestra led by Lassus. From 1585 onwards, he served as organist at St. Mark's Cathedral in Venice, and after the death of his uncle, he became first organist. He also worked hard to organize and publish Andrea's unpublished works. He left behind many works that further developed Andrea's style, such as the sacred vocal music compiled in two volumes of "Sacrée Symphonies" (1597, 1615). In particular, he made a great contribution to instrumental ensembles such as sonatas and canzona, and to the genre of organ music, and his brilliant musical style had a great influence on the German cultural sphere through his pupil Schütz and Andrea's pupil Hassler. → Praetorius

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Japanese:

ベネチア楽派を代表するイタリアの音楽家。ガブリエーリともいう。（１）アンドレアAndrea〔1510から1520-1586〕。作曲家，オルガン奏者。ベネチア生れ。サン・マルコ大聖堂の楽長を務めていたウィラールトに学んだとも伝えられるが，真偽は定かではない。北イタリア各地でオルガン奏者を務めたのちバイエルン公アルブレヒト５世に一時仕え，1565年に最初の作品集《サクラ・カンツィオ集》を献呈。1564年生地のサン・マルコ大聖堂第２オルガン奏者，1585年第１オルガン奏者に就任。作品の中心となるのはモテット，ミサ曲，詩篇歌などの宗教的声楽曲で，複数の合唱団と器楽群により音色の対比を鮮やかに描き出す独自の様式を確立。その芸術は甥のジョバンニやハスラーなどの弟子を通じ，イタリアおよびドイツに広範な影響を与えた。声楽曲では《マドリガーレ（マドリガル）集》６巻（出版1566年−1589年）も残し，《リチェルカーレ集》３巻（没後出版）などのオルガン曲も重要。ほかに器楽合奏曲もある。（２）ジョバンニGiovanni〔1553から1557-1612か1613〕。作曲家。オルガン奏者。（１）の甥。ベネチアに生まれ，叔父アンドレアに音楽を学ぶ。1576年−1579年にはペストの流行するベネチアを離れてミュンヘンのバイエルン公アルブレヒト５世に仕え，ラッススが指導する宮廷楽団で活動。1585年以降はベネチアのサン・マルコ大聖堂のオルガン奏者を務め，叔父の死後第１オルガン奏者に就任。アンドレアの未出版作品の整理・出版にも尽力した。《サクレ・シンフォニア集》２巻（1597年，1615年）にまとめられた宗教的声楽曲など，アンドレアの書法をさらに発展させた数多くの作品を残した。とりわけソナタやカンツォーナ（カンツォーネ）などの器楽合奏曲，オルガン音楽のジャンルに残した貢献は大きく，その輝かしい音楽様式は弟子のシュッツ，アンドレア門下のハスラーらを通じてドイツ文化圏にも多大の影響を与えている。→プレトリウス

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