Madness is considered a psychopathological phenomenon in humans, and should be isolated or treated. On the other hand, since ancient Greece, madness has been emphasized in relation to creativity. Plato said that madness bestowed by God is the greatest of all good things. In this sense, madness is the secret of the creative genius, and is distinguished from insanity, which is simply a deviation from a healthy mind. In modern times, the relationship between genius and mental illness has been academically and systematically examined by C. Lombroso, J. Lange, Eichbaum, E. Kretschmer, and others, while the relationship between madness and imagination has been examined by W. Dilthey, T. Ribot, and others, as well as Jaspers, Sartre, G. Bachelard, and M. Foucault. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
狂気は人間の精神病理学的現象として隔離ないし治療の対象として考えられる。他方,古代ギリシア以来,狂気は創造性との関係において重視されてきている。プラトンは神によって授けられた狂気はよきもののなかでも最大のよきものであるといっている。この意味における狂気は天才の創造の秘密をいうものであり,健全な精神からの逸脱としての単なる異常 insanityからは区別される。天才と精神病との関係は近代では C.ロンブローゾをはじめ J.ランゲ,アイヒバウム,E.クレッチマーらによって学問的,体系的に考察されるにいたり,また狂気と想像力との関係は W.ディルタイ,T.リボーなどを経て,ヤスパース,サルトル,G.バシュラール,M.フーコーなどによって考察されている。
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