Stock price index - Kabukasisuu

Japanese: 株価指数 - かぶかしすう
Stock price index - Kabukasisuu

An index showing the trend and level of stock prices, it is one of the most well-known stock price indexes. The stock price level at the base point in time is set at 100, and it is an index that comprehensively indexes the price fluctuations of many stocks to make it easy to compare with stock price levels at the comparison point in time. There are several types of stock price indexes, just like price indexes, depending on the method of calculation base point in time. The most well-known methods are the relative method and the sum method.

The relative method is calculated by calculating the individual indexes of the stock prices of each stock and taking the arithmetic average (called the relative index or average index). The formula is as follows: If the stock price at the base point in time is P0 , the stock price at the comparison point in time is P1 , and the number of stocks is n,

It is useful for observing short-term fluctuations in stock prices and is used in the UK.

The sum method is a method of summing up the stock prices of each stock to create an index (sum index), and the formula is

It is common to weight stocks according to their importance (trading volume, number of listed shares, etc.). If the weight is n, the formula for the weighted sum index is

It is expressed as follows. A typical example of a volume-weighted stock price index is the Fisher method. This method looks at the distribution state of stocks in the stock market over a certain period of time, and is characterized by its ability to analyze whether increases or decreases in distribution fees are due to stock price fluctuations or trading volume, based on fluctuations in stock prices and trading volume. Therefore, this stock price index is composed of three indexes: a price index, a quantity index, and a distribution index. The disadvantage of the Fisher method is that it is difficult to adjust for ex-rights due to capital increases.

The American Standard & Poor's stock price index, which has a long history, is well-known as a stock price index weighted by the number of listed shares, and Japan has also published the Tokyo Stock Exchange Stock Price Index using the same method since 1969 (Showa 44). This index method is also called the market capitalization method because it uses the market capitalization of listed shares as the basis for its calculation, and it has become the mainstream stock price index in many countries because it is rational and can be calculated numerically by computer. In addition, it has many advantages, such as being able to indicate the growth of stock capital based on the valuation of all listed shares, and being able to make international comparisons with overseas stock prices in the age of internationalization of securities.

[Atsushi Oketa]

Average Stock Price

As an indicator of the overall trend of stock prices, the average stock price, which is the average of the stock prices of a certain number of included stocks, is often used. This is a simple monetary expression of fluctuations in stock price levels, and is distinct from a stock price index. Stock price averages are broadly divided into simple stock price averages and adjusted stock price averages. Adjusted stock price averages correct the shortcomings of simple stock price averages, which lack continuity, such as a large drop every time the stock goes ex-rights, and are a representative example of such an average, the Dow Jones Industrial Average.

[Atsushi Oketa]

[Reference item] | Dow Jones Industrial Average | Tokyo Stock Price Index | Average Stock Price

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

株価の推移や株価水準を示す指数で、代表的な株価指標の一つ。基準時点での株価水準を100として、比較時点での株価水準との比較を容易にできるように、多くの株式についてその価格変動を総合的に指数化したものである。株価指数には、物価指数と同じように算式基準時点のとり方により、いくつかの種類がある。その代表的なものとして相対法と総和法があげられる。

 相対法は、各銘柄の株価の個別指数を計算して、算術平均する(相対指数または平均指数という)ことにより求められる。算式は、基準時点の株価をP0、比較時点の株価をP1、銘柄数をnとすると

で示される。株価の短期変動をみる場合に有用で、イギリスで採用されている。

 総和法は、各銘柄の株価を合計して指数化する(総和指数)方法で、算式は

で示され、株式の重要度(売買高、上場株式数など)に応じてウェイトを加重するのが一般的である。そこでウェイトをnとすると、加重総和指数の算式は

で示される。売買高を加重した代表的なものとして、フィッシャー方式による株価指数がある。これは、一定期間内の株式市場における株式の流通状態をみようとするもので、株価の変動と売買高の変化から、流通代金の増減を株価変動か売買高かいずれの影響によるものかを分析できるところに特徴がある。そのため、この株価指数は価格指数、数量指数、流通指数の三つで構成されている。フィッシャー方式の欠点は、増資による権利落ちの修正がむずかしいことにある。

 上場株式数を加重した株価指数としては、古い歴史をもつアメリカのスタンダード・アンド・プーア社の株価指数が有名で、日本でも1969年(昭和44)から同じ方式による東証株価指数を発表している。この指数方式は、上場株式の時価総額をその計算の基礎としているところから時価総額方式ともよばれ、合理性とコンピュータによる数値計算が可能であるため、各国の株価指数の主流となっている。さらに上場株式全体の評価額によって株式資本の成長性を示すこともでき、証券の国際化時代を迎えて海外株価との国際比較も可能であるなど利点が多い。

[桶田 篤]

平均株価

株価全般の動向をみるための指標として、一定数の採用銘柄の株価を平均した平均株価も利用されることが多い。これは株価水準の変動を単に金額的に表示したもので、株価指数とは区別される。平均株価は大別して単純平均株価と修正平均株価とがある。権利落ちのたびに大幅に下落するなど連続性に欠ける単純平均株価の欠点を是正したものが修正平均株価で、代表的なものにダウ式平均株価がある。

[桶田 篤]

[参照項目] | ダウ式平均株価 | 東証株価指数 | 平均株価

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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