Epimer

Japanese: エピマー(英語表記)epimer
Epimer
Also called epiisomer. When there is a compound (a) with many asymmetric carbon atoms and a compound (b) with a structure in which only one of the asymmetric centers is inverted, (a) and (b) are said to be epimers of each other. (a) and (b) are also diastereomers of each other. An equilibrium state may exist between epimers. The change to an epimer is called epimerization. This phenomenon is often seen in sugars and is important in sugar chemistry. In sugar chemistry, epimers are narrowly defined as isomers resulting from the inversion of the asymmetric carbon atom at the 2nd position, but in a broader sense they can also include the inversion of other asymmetric carbon atoms. For example, in the narrow sense, the epimer of D-glucose is D-mannose, but in the broad sense, D-galactose is also included. The change to an epimer occurs with a basic reagent such as pyridine or the enzyme epimerase.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
エピ異性体ともいう。多くの不斉炭素原子をもつ化合物 (a) と,そのうちの1つの不斉中心だけが反転した構造の化合物 (b) とがあるとき,(a) と (b) とを互いにエピマーの関係にあるという。 (a) と (b) とは互いにジアステレオマーでもある。エピマー間には平衡状態が存在することがある。エピマーに変化することをエピ化という。糖類によくみられる現象で,糖化学で重要である。糖化学では狭義には2位の不斉炭素原子の反転の結果生じる異性体のみをエピマーといい,広義には他の不斉炭素原子の反転の場合を含めることもある。たとえば狭義にはD-グルコースのエピマーはD-マンノースであるが,広義にはD-ガラクトースも含む。エピマーへの変化はピリジンなどの塩基性試薬または酵素エピメラーゼによって起る。

出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報

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