Mold - Mold

Japanese: カビ(黴) - カビ

Among fungi, this refers to fungi in which the main body of the fungus, the hyphae, is extremely prominent, and the fruiting bodies of the reproductive organs are tiny or absent. This is a general name based on appearance, and cannot be classified strictly. It is found in all major taxonomic groups of fungi, such as flagellated fungi (such as Saprolegnia), zygomycetes (such as Mucor), ascomycetes (such as Penicillium), and imperfect fungi (such as Aspergillus), and occurs everywhere, including in fresh and saltwater, in the air, underground, and on animals and plants. Depending on how they obtain nutrients, they are divided into parasitic and saprophytic fungi, the former being pathogenic fungi for animals and plants such as Aspergillus oryzae, powdery mildew fungus, Aspergillus oryzae, and most others are saprophytic fungi that do not require living organic matter. The hyphae gather together to form a mycelium, which can be thread-like, cotton-like, or spider web-like, and can appear red, purple, yellow, blue, green, etc., depending on the pigments they produce. It grows quickly, and its optimum temperature is 15-20°C, and is particularly noticeable during the rainy season when humidity and temperature are high. Mold's ability to decompose organic matter is useful for purifying the natural world, and the characteristics of various molds are widely used in the food and pharmaceutical manufacturing industries, but molds containing toxic substances can grow in food and cause organic matter to rot, or parasitize the human body and cultivated plants, causing them to become infected. In order to prevent mold, it is important to keep the environment dry, as well as sterilize it using various methods.
→ Related topics Plant fungal diseases | Fungi

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

菌類の中で本体である菌糸の集りが著しく目だち，繁殖器官の子実体が微小であるか，これを欠くものをいう。外見に基づく一般的呼称で，分類学的には厳密にしえない。鞭毛菌類（ミズカビ等），接合菌類（ケカビ等），子嚢菌類（アオカビ等），不完全菌類（ミズムシキン等）など，菌類の主要分類群すべてに見られ，淡・海水中，空中，地中，動植物体上など，いたるところに生じる。栄養の取り方で寄生と腐生に分かれるが，前者はモチビョウキン，ウドンコ病菌，ミズムシキン，タムシキンなどの動植物の病原菌類で，それ以外のほとんどは生きた有機物を必要としない腐生菌である。菌糸は集まって菌叢(きんそう)をつくり，糸状，綿状，クモの巣状などとなり，つくり出す色素により赤，紫，黄，青，緑色などを呈する。生長が速く，その適温は15〜20℃で，湿度が高く高温の梅雨期などには著しく目だつ。カビの有機物分解力は自然界の浄化に役だち，また各種カビの特性を利用して食品や薬品などの製造工業に多用するが，有毒成分をもつカビが食品などに繁殖して有機物を腐敗させたり，人体や栽培植物に寄生してこれらを冒すなどの害も少なくない。カビを防ぐためには，種々の手段による殺菌のほか，乾燥を保つことが重要である。
→関連項目植物菌類病｜真菌

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