The range where the wind stress acting on the ocean surface extends (from the surface to the friction depth) is called the Ekman layer or Ekman boundary layer. It is a layer where Ekman's wind-driven current maintains a significant magnitude. Its thickness depends on the eddy viscosity coefficient, but is at most a few tens of meters, and when considering wind-driven currents, the convergence and divergence of the Ekman transport within this layer is treated as the boundary condition for the upper surface of the ocean interior, giving the vertical current distribution there. It can also refer to the range where the influence of the seabed boundary extends from the seabed due to friction. (Nagata) Source: Japan Hydrographic Association, Ocean Information Research Center, Encyclopedia of the Sea |
海面に働く風の応力の及ぶ範囲(表面から摩擦深度まで)をエクマン層またはエクマン境界層という。エクマンの吹送流が有意の大きさを保っている層である。 その厚さは、渦動粘性係数の取り方によるが、高々数十mで、風成海流を考えるとき、この層内のエクマン輸送の収束・発散が、海洋内部の上面の境界条件とし て、そこに鉛直流の分布を与えるとして扱われる。海底から、摩擦により海底境界の影響が及ぶ範囲を指すこともある。 (永田)
出典 (財)日本水路協会 海洋情報研究センター海の事典について 情報 |
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