… Throughout the 16th century, English borrowed from many foreign languages, including classical languages, and at one point presented a phenomenon of a “flood of foreign words.” The English language was overflowing with pedantic terms that were difficult for the general public to understand, and there was a strong demand for a dictionary of difficult words that collected and explained them. In response to this, the first independent English dictionary was Robert Cawdrey’s A Tablet of the English Alphabet (1604). Meanwhile, during the 17th century, some dictionaries appeared, such as Thomas Blount’s (1618-79) A Glossary (1656), which included etymological explanations in addition to the meanings of words, albeit incomplete. … From Johnson…The Life of Richard Savage (1744) was born from his friendships at that time. He gained strength through such hackneyed work, and after about nine years of work, he edited and published The English Dictionary (1755) on his own, without any financial support from others. This was a monumental publication that marked the beginning of the compilation of English dictionaries. … From [Spelling]…(3) The authoritative standard is in the form of a dictionary. In England, S. Johnson's dictionary (The Dictionary of the English Language, 1755), in Germany, Duden's dictionary (Der grosse Duden: Rechtschreibung der deutschen Sprache und der Fremdwörter, 1934), and in America, N. Webster's dictionary (Webster's New International Dictionary of American Language, 2nd edition, 1934) became the authoritative standard for spelling unification. The ideal orthography is one-to-one correspondence between sounds and letters, but in real orthography, this correspondence is usually broken. … *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "English Dictionary" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
… 16世紀を通じ,英語は古典語をはじめ多くの外国語から借入を行い,一時は〈外来語の洪水〉のような現象を呈し,一般の人々には理解しがたい〈インキ壺くさい〉衒学的な用語が氾濫(はんらん)したため,そのような難語を集めて説明した難語辞典を要求する声が強かった。これにこたえ,独立した形での最初の英語辞典の誉れを担うのはコードリーRobert Cawdrey編《英語アルファベット表覧》(1604)である。一方,17世紀の間にブラントThomas Blount(1618‐79)編《語誌》(1656)のように,語義のほかに不十分ながら語源的説明を加えたものも現れた。… 【ジョンソン】より…また当時の交友の中から《リチャード・サベッジ伝》(1744)が生まれた。このような三文文士的な仕事をしつつ力を蓄え,他からの経済的援助もいっさいなく独力で約9年間を要して《英語辞典》(1755)を編集・出版。これは英語辞典編纂の出発点となった記念碑的な出版物である。… 【正書法】より…(3)権威のある規範が辞書の形になっていること。イギリスでは,S.ジョンソンの辞書(《英語辞典The Dictionary of the English Language》1755)が,ドイツでは,ドゥーデンの辞書(《大ドゥーデンDer grosse Duden:Rechtschreibung der deutschen Sprache und der Fremdwörter》1934)が,アメリカでは,N.ウェブスターの辞書(《ウェブスター新国際英語辞典Webster’s New International Dictionary of American Language》第2版,1934)がつづり字統一の権威ある規範となった。 正書法の理想は,音と字との間に1対1の対応関係があることであるが,現実の正書法ではこの対応関係がくずれているのが普通である。… ※「《英語辞典》」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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