It refers to the right to use someone else's land for cultivation or livestock farming by paying a rent (Civil Code Articles 270-279). Emphyteusis is rarely established by contract, and most were established before the Meiji Restoration, and originated mainly from the reclamation of barren land, and is a right that allows landowners to cultivate land in perpetuity for a low rent. Because emphyteusis is a long-term, strong right (real right), landowners are reluctant to establish it, and most tenants today are leased (tenant-tenant rights). Furthermore, with the land reform after World War II, emphyteusis that existed before the Civil Code came into effect was abolished on July 15, 1948 (Showa 23), exactly 50 years after the Civil Code came into effect, and as such farmland was, in principle, purchased by the government and sold to emphyteusis, so there are almost no emphyteusis today. [Yasuyuki Takahashi] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
小作料を払って他人の土地を耕作または牧畜のために使う権利(民法270条~279条)をいう。永小作権は契約により成立することは少なく、多くは明治維新前に設定され、主として荒れた土地の開墾などに由来したもので、安い小作料で永久に耕作することを認められた権利である。永小作権は長期にわたる強い権利(物権)であることから、地主はその設定を嫌がることもあって、現在では小作といわれるものはほとんど賃貸借によっている(賃貸借小作権)。そのうえ、第二次世界大戦後の農地改革にあたって、民法施行前からの永小作権も民法施行後満50年の1948年(昭和23)7月15日に消滅し、その農地は、原則として政府が買い上げて永小作人に売り渡したことにより、現在ほとんど存在しなくなった。 [高橋康之] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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