Xinyang

A prefecture-level city in the upper reaches of a tributary of the Huai River in the southern part of Henan Province, China. It has jurisdiction over two city districts and eight counties, including Gusi and Huangchuan (as of 2016). It has a population of 8,904,000 (2014). It occupies the northern foot of the Dabie Mountains, the eastern foot of the Tongbai Mountains, and the southwestern edge of the Huai River Plain. As it lies south of the line connecting the Qinling Mountains and the Huai River, rice, sesame, and cotton are cultivated here more than anywhere else in Henan Province, and Maojian tea is a specialty. In addition, machinery and chemical factories are based around a hydroelectric power plant. In addition to the Beijing-Guang Railway, the Beijing-Guang High-Speed ​​Railway, the Beijing-Kowloon Railway, and the Ningxi Railway (Nanjing-Xian), expressways pass through the city that connect Lu'an in Anhui Province via Gusi, and Xi'an in Shaanxi Province via Nanyang, making it the economic center of southern Henan Province.

During the Spring and Autumn period, it prospered as the state of Chu, and during the Song dynasty, Xinyang County was established. Immediately after the founding of the People's Republic of China, the city area of ​​Xinyang County was separated and established as a city. To the west of the city is the Nanwan Reservoir, which was created by damming a river.

[Masakazu Komai, Editorial Department, December 12, 2017]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国、河南(かなん)省南部、淮河(わいが)支流の河(しが)上流部にある地級市。2市轄区、固始(こし)、潢川(こうせん)など8県を管轄する（2016年時点）。人口890万4000（2014）。大別(だいべつ)山脈北麓、桐柏(とうはく)山脈東麓、淮河平原の南西端を占める。秦嶺(しんれい)と淮河を結ぶ線の南にあるため、河南省のなかでは、米をはじめゴマ、ワタの栽培が盛んで、毛尖(マオチエン)茶は特産である。また、水力発電所を基礎に機械や化学などの工場が立地する。京広線や京広高速鉄道、京九線、寧西(ねいせい)線（南京(ナンキン)―西安(せいあん)）が通るほか、固始を経て安徽(あんき)省六安(りくあん)、南陽(なんよう)を経て陝西(せんせい)省西安などに通じる自動車道が通り、河南省南部の経済の中心をなす。

　春秋時代には楚(そ)の国として繁栄、宋(そう)代には信陽県が置かれ、中華人民共和国成立直後、信陽県の市街地を分離して市制を敷いた。市の西方に河をせき止めた南湾貯水池がある。

［駒井正一・編集部　2017年12月12日］

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