Aphthae are small, round or oval, very shallow ulcer-like lesions that occur on the mucous membrane. A white pseudomembrane-like fibrous substance is attached to the surface, and the surrounding mucous membrane is slightly reddish, called a halo. Aphthae are a medical condition that can occur for a variety of reasons, and can also occur as one of the symptoms of a systemic disease. The most common type is aphthous stomatitis, in which aphthae measuring 2 to 4 millimeters in diameter appear on the oral mucosa. They most commonly occur in the front of the mouth, with one or several appearing on the tongue, gums, lips, etc., and are painful. Possible causes include mechanical irritation, allergies, herpes virus infection, psychological stress, and vitamin deficiency, but the cause is often unknown. Such aphthae usually heal within 4 to 5 days and do not leave scars. Aphthous stomatitis often recurs, and is known as recurrent or habitual aphthae. Be aware that recurrent aphthae may be a symptom of a systemic disease. Behçet's disease is accompanied by aphthous stomatitis, uveitis, and vulvar ulcers. Allergy-related conditions such as erythema multiforme and erythema nodosum can also be complicated by recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Although not recurrent, aphthous stomatitis can occur with viral infections such as chickenpox, hand, foot, and mouth disease, herpangina, and shingles. [Masami Kawamura] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
粘膜に発生する小さい円形ないしは楕円(だえん)形のきわめて浅い潰瘍(かいよう)状の病変をいう。表面には白色偽膜(ぎまく)様の繊維性物質が付着しており、周囲の粘膜はやや赤みを帯びて、紅暈(こううん)とよばれる。アフタは一つの病状であり、いろいろな原因によっておこるほか、全身性疾患の症状の一つとして発生することがある。 もっとも頻度の高いのはアフタ性口内炎で、直径2~4ミリメートルほどのアフタが口腔(こうくう)粘膜に発生する。好発部位は口腔の前方で、舌、歯肉、口唇などに1個ないし数個みられ、痛みがある。原因として機械的刺激、アレルギー、疱疹(ほうしん)ウイルスの感染、精神的ストレス、ビタミン不足などが考えられているが、原因不明のことも多い。このようなアフタは通常4~5日で治癒し、瘢痕(はんこん)を残さないのが特徴。アフタ性口内炎はしばしば再発を繰り返すものがあり、これを再発性アフタとか習慣性アフタという。再発性アフタのなかには、全身疾患の一症状のこともあるので注意する。 ベーチェット病はアフタ性口内炎に、目のぶどう膜炎と外陰部の潰瘍が合併する。アレルギーに関連する多形滲出性紅斑(しんしゅつせいこうはん)や結節性紅斑などで、再発性アフタを合併することもある。再発性ではないが、水痘、手足口病、ヘルパンギナ、帯状疱疹などのウイルス感染症で、アフタが発生することがある。 [河村正三] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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