Occupational diseases that develop as a result of exposure to a carcinogenic work environment. Common types include urinary tract tumors in workers exposed to benzidine and beta naphthylamine, lung cancer and mesothelioma in workers exposed to asbestos, and lung cancer and upper respiratory tract cancer in workers producing chromates, dichromates, coke, or producer gas. In recent years, bile duct cancer, which occurs frequently among employees working at printing companies, has become a problem, and the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare has recognized it as a work-related disease, i.e., "occupational bile duct cancer." Bile duct cancer is usually more prevalent among middle-aged and elderly people in their 50s and 60s, but it is particularly prevalent among "proofreaders" in their 20s and 40s who repeatedly test print samples. It has been reported that the cause is suspected to be inhalation of volatile 1,2-dichloropropane, which is used to clean ink from printing presses, in excess of the tolerable concentration in an inadequately ventilated environment. In this way, occupational cancers are often caused by direct contact with or inhalation of carcinogenic chemicals. Prefectural labor bureaus are accepting telephone consultations regarding chemical substance countermeasures and workers' compensation claims at workplaces. [Editorial Department] [References] | | | | | | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
職業性疾病のうち発癌を誘発する作業環境にさらされ腫瘍を発症するもの。頻度の高いものは、ベンジジン、β(ベータ)ナフチルアミンにさらされる業務に従事する人に発生する尿路系腫瘍、石綿(アスベスト)にさらされる業務に従事する人に発生する肺癌や中皮腫、クロム酸塩または重クロム酸塩、コークスまたは発生炉ガスを製造する業務に従事する人に発生する肺癌や上気道の癌などである。 近年では、印刷会社で働く従業員に多発する胆管癌が問題となり、厚生労働省は業務上の疾病すなわち「職業性胆管癌」として認定した。胆管癌は本来50~60歳代の中高年に好発するが、とくに印刷見本を繰り返し試し刷りする20~40歳代の「校正印刷」担当者に多発することから、印刷機のインキ洗浄に使われる揮発性の高い1,2-ジクロロプロパンを、不十分な換気環境のなかで許容濃度を超えて吸い込んだことが原因と疑われる旨報告された。このように職業癌は、発癌を誘発する化学物質に直接接触したり、吸入したりすることで発症することが多い。こうした事業場での化学物質対策や労災請求について、都道府県労働局の窓口で電話相談を受け付けている。 [編集部] [参照項目] | | | | | | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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