Cattleya - Cattleya

Japanese: カトレア - かとれあ
Cattleya - Cattleya

A genus in the orchid family (APG classification: Orchidaceae). Native to Central and South America. In its native habitat, it is an aerobic epiphytic orchid that grows on tree branches and develops aerial roots. It is the most spectacular of all orchids. The genus is named after William Cattley, a British plant enthusiast. In horticulture, the four genera Cattleya, Laelia, Brassavola, and Sophronitis, as well as their inter-genera Brassocattleya, Laeriocattleya, Brassoleriocattleya, Sophrocattleya, and Sophroleriocattleya, and the hybrids of these four genera, such as Pochinara, have been collectively called Cattleya. However, recently, artificial new genera have been created, such as Epicattleya, which is a combination of the Cattleya and Epidendrum genera, Cattletonia, which is a combination of the Brotonia genera, and Diacattleya, which is a combination of the Diaculium genera, and these are also collectively called Cattleya species. Flower colors are diverse, including white, peach, red, vermilion, purple, orange-yellow, and yellow, and some species produce three or more large flowers, usually 15 to 18 centimeters in diameter. There are spring-flowering and winter-flowering species, and if seasonal-flowering species are included, flowers can be seen all year round. To cultivate, a location that can maintain a minimum temperature of 10°C in winter is required, and the growing season is from spring to early autumn. During this time, the plant should be placed under cheesecloth, watered and fertilized frequently, and the buds that appear in spring should be allowed to grow, and flower buds will begin to appear in early autumn. Sphagnum moss, pumice, bark, etc. can be used alone as planting materials, but if other than sphagnum moss is used, flower buds will not appear easily unless the amount of fertilizer is increased slightly.

Propagation can be by division, seedlings, or meristem culture, but it is generally by division. Division is done every 3-4 years in spring or autumn, by dividing a large plant into two or three buds each. Seedlings are not used except when creating a new variety.

[Koichi Ejiri, May 21, 2019]

[Reference] | Run
Cattleya
Usually, 2-3 flowers are borne at the end of the flower stalk, and the flowers open. The flower color is rich in variation, including white, pink, red, and orange-yellow. The lip petal is large and oblong, with wavy edges. ©Shogakukan Photo by Hideyuki Asakura ">

Cattleya

Orchid Morphology
©Masayoshi Umebayashi ">

Orchid Morphology


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ラン科(APG分類:ラン科)の1属名。中央アメリカ、南アメリカ原産。自生地では樹木の枝に着生し、気根を出す好気性の着生の洋ラン。洋ランのなかではもっとも華麗である。属名は、イギリスの植物愛好家のカトレイWilliam Cattleyの名にちなむ。園芸上ではカトレア、レリア、ブラサボラ、ソフロニティスの4属と、この相互間の雑種のブラソカトレア、レリオカトレア、ブラソレリオカトレア、ソフロカトレア、ソフロレリオカトレアと、4属が交配されているポチナラなどをカトレアと総称していたが、最近はカトレア属とエピデンドラム属との間にエピカトレアが、ブロートニア属との間にカトレトニアが、ディアクリウム属との間にディアカトレアなどの人工新属が生まれ、これらを含めてカトレア類とも総称している。花色は白、桃、紅(べに)、朱赤、紫紅(しこう)、橙黄(とうこう)、黄色などと多様で、普通は径15~18センチメートルの大輪花を3個以上つけるものもある。春咲きから冬咲き種まであり、二季咲き種も含めると一年中花がみられる。栽培には冬に最低10℃を保つ場所が必要で、生育期は春から初秋まで。この間寒冷紗(かんれいしゃ)下に株を置き、水やりと施肥をよくし、春に出た芽を大きくすると、初秋ころから花芽がみえだす。植込み材料にはミズゴケ、軽石、バークなどを単用するが、ミズゴケ以外のものの場合は肥料をすこし増やさないと花芽は出にくい。

 繁殖は株分け、実生(みしょう)のほか成長点培養(メリクロン)によってもできるが、一般には株分けによる。株分けは3、4年ごとの春または秋に、大株になったものを2、3芽ずつに分けて行う。実生は新品種をつくるとき以外は行わない。

[江尻光一 2019年5月21日]

[参照項目] | ラン
カトレア
普通は花茎の先に2~3花をつけ、花は開張する。花色は白、桃、紅、橙黄色など変異に富む。唇弁は長卵形で大きく、縁は波状©Shogakukan 撮影/朝倉秀之">

カトレア

ランの形態
©梅林正芳">

ランの形態


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