Umar

Japanese: ウマル（英語表記）‘Umar

Around 581 to 644
The second Islamic caliph (reigned 634-644)
At first he persecuted Muhammad and his followers, but around 617-618 he converted and became his most faithful disciple, becoming the second legitimate caliph after Abu Bakr. During his reign, he seized Syria, Palestine, and Egypt from the Byzantine Empire, and won a major victory over the Sassanid Empire at the Battle of Nihavand in 642. He demonstrated his military and administrative skills, laying the foundation for the development of Islam. He is also known as the first to use the Hijri calendar.

Source: Obunsha World History Dictionary, Third Edition About Obunsha World History Dictionary, Third Edition

Japanese:

581ごろ〜644
イスラームの第２代正統カリフ（在位634〜644）
初めムハンマドらを迫害したが，617〜618年ごろ改宗して最も忠実な弟子となり，アブー＝バクルについで第２代正統カリフに就任。彼の時代，ビザンツ帝国からシリア・パレスチナ・エジプトを奪い，642年ニハーヴァンドの戦いでササン朝に大勝した。軍事・行政に手腕を発揮し，イスラーム発展の基礎をつくった。ヒジュラ紀年法を最初に使ったことでも知られる。

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