In 1933 (Showa 8), right-wing civilian forces planned a failed coup d'état. Tatsuo Amano of the Patriotic Labor Party and Zenichi Suzuki, head of the youth division of the Greater Japan Productive Party, played a key role, and with the participation of Tetsunosuke Yasuda (lieutenant colonel in the army reserve) and Saburo Yamaguchi (a lieutenant colonel in the flight experiment division of the Naval Air Arsenal), they called themselves the Divine Soldiers. The plan was to have 3,600 people mobilized from all over the country attack senior vassals, cabinet ministers, party leaders, headquarters, the Metropolitan Police Department, banks, etc., to bomb the government of Makoto Saito, to establish an imperial cabinet under martial law, and to promote the reform of the nation. On July 11, 1933, 49 people who had gathered at the outer gardens of Meiji Shrine the night before, under the pretense of praying for the end of the national crisis and national defense, were arrested, and the plan ended in failure. This case was prosecuted as a crime of treason under Article 78 of the Penal Code, and 116 trials were held at the Supreme Court. During this process, the defendants relentlessly waged a legal battle to demonstrate the national polity, which resulted in a highly political verdict denying the existence of the crime of treason and finding all defendants innocent. This was one of the coup d'état cases inspired by the May 15 Incident. After this, the Patriotic Labor Party nearly disappeared, and the Greater Japan Productive Party lost its youth division after expelling Tsukui Tatsuo and Sannomiya Ishin, causing it to split up. [Katsumi Enomoto] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
1933年(昭和8)民間の右翼勢力が中心となり計画、未遂に終わったクーデター事件。愛国勤労党の天野辰夫(あまのたつお)や大日本生産党青年部長の鈴木善一らが中心となり、安田銕之助(てつのすけ)(予備役陸軍中佐)、山口三郎(海軍航空廠(しょう)飛行実験部員、中佐)らの参画を得て神兵隊と称した。計画は、全国から動員した3600名をもって重臣、閣僚、政党幹部および本部、警視庁、銀行などを襲撃。飛行機による爆撃も行い、斎藤実(まこと)内閣を倒し、戒厳令下で皇族内閣の樹立を図り、国家改造を推進するというものであった。1933年7月11日、前夜から国難打開、国防祈願を装って明治神宮外苑(がいえん)に集まった49名が検挙され、計画は失敗に終わった。この事件は刑法第78条の内乱罪をもって訴追され、大審院で116回の公判が重ねられた。この過程で被告側は執拗(しつよう)に国体明徴の裁判闘争を展開し、その結果、内乱罪の成立を否定し、全被告の無罪という政治的色彩の濃い判決を導き出した。五・一五事件に触発されたクーデター事件の一つである。その後、愛国勤労党は自然消滅に近い状態になり、大日本生産党は津久井竜雄、三宮維信を除名することにより青年部を失い分裂した。 [榎本勝巳] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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