Acetonitrile - acetonitrile

Japanese: アセトニトリル - あせとにとりる(英語表記)acetonitrile
Acetonitrile - acetonitrile

A compound equivalent to the nitrile of acetic acid, CH 3 COOH. Its official name is ethanenitrile, but it is commonly called acetonitrile. It is also called methyl cyanide or methane cyanide.

It is a colorless liquid with an odor similar to that of ether. It is produced industrially as a by-product in the synthesis of acrylonitrile (CH 2 =CHCN) by the ammoxidation of propylene.

3CH2 =CHCN+ 2NH3 + 2O2
―→3CH 3 CN+2HCN+CO 2 +2H 2 O
It dissolves in many organic solvents and water. It becomes acetamide and acetic acid when hydrolyzed. It is used as a raw material for vitamin B1 , sulfa drugs, fragrances, etc. It is also used as an extractant for butylene and butadiene, a tar removal solvent, and a spinning solvent. It is also used in organic synthesis reactions as an aprotic polar solvent. It is toxic, so care must be taken when handling it.

[Rikuhei Tani

[References] | Acrylonitrile | Acetamide | Hydrolysis | Acetic acid | Nitrile | Butadiene | Butylene [Supplementary information] | Acetonitrile (Data Note)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

酢酸CH3COOHのニトリルに相当する化合物。正式にはエタンニトリルというが、一般的にはアセトニトリルといわれている。シアン化メチル、シアン化メタンともいう。

 エーテルに似たにおいのする無色の液体。工業的にはプロピレンのアンモ酸化法によるアクリロニトリルCH2=CHCN合成の際の副生成物として製造されている。

  3CH2=CHCN+2NH3+2O2
   ―→3CH3CN+2HCN+CO2+2H2O
 多くの有機溶媒、水に溶ける。加水分解するとアセトアミド、酢酸となる。ビタミンB1、サルファ剤、香料などの原料となる。ブチレン、ブタジエンの抽出剤、タール分除去溶剤、紡糸溶剤などとしての用途もある。非プロトン性極性溶媒として有機合成反応にも用いられる。毒性があるので、取扱いには注意を要する。

[谷利陸平]

[参照項目] | アクリロニトリル | アセトアミド | 加水分解 | 酢酸 | ニトリル | ブタジエン | ブチレン[補完資料] | アセトニトリル(データノート)

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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