Iris - Iris

Japanese: 菖蒲 - あやめ

〘Noun〙① A perennial plant of the Iridaceae family. In addition to growing wild in the mountains and fields, it is cultivated in gardens and around ponds for decorative purposes. It is 30 to 60 centimeters tall. The leaves are sword-shaped, pale pink at the base, and pod-shaped. Purple and white flowers bloom in early summer. The outer perianth is petal-like and drooping, with a yellow and purple tiger stripe pattern at the base. The inner perianth is thin and upright. The Chinese names, shobu and keishun, are misused. The old name (because it was necessary to distinguish it from white shobu) was hanaayame. [Season: Summer] *From Kafu (1698): "Iris flower (hanaayame) <Omitted> In an old poem, it is called ayame, referring to the iris that falls in the stream, and is used to dry houses on Boy's Day. This is not the ayame."② An old name for the Araceae family, calligraphy. In early summer, it produces thick spikes of densely packed, fine yellow flowers. Its sword-shaped leaves have a strong fragrance that is said to ward off evil spirits, and on the fifth day of the fifth month, they are hung from eaves or on cars as a talisman, and in later times, they are soaked in sake or put in baths and used in various ceremonies. Iris pillows, iris baths, iris swords, etc. On the other hand, the roots are white and can reach four or five feet in length, so they are a sign of longevity. There is also a game called root matching, in which participants compete to see who can grow the longest roots. In poems, the word "root" (root) is often used to equate "sound" with "sound" (sound), leading to words such as "sing" (to sing) or "cry" (to cry) , or by referring to the subject of the iris. Ayamegusa. ※From Tonbo (around 974), "'Even if she had not come, if she was too shabby, it would be a great sign, so what can I do?' <omitted> I was so sad about my existence in this world that I did not even notice the irises." ③ The name of the colour of the layered kimono . The front is blue and the back is red plum (peach blossom and stamens). One theory is that the front is white (Nishisanjo Shozoku Sho). The five robes of ladies-in-waiting have two shades of blue on top, then white, and the next two shades of red plum, with a single layer of white raw silk underneath (Garyo Shozoku Sho). It is used in the fifth month of the lunar calendar (Jokan Kazoku Sho). ④ The name of a fragrant wood. It is classified as Rakoku . The aroma and flavour are bitter, spicy and sweet. One of the 61 famous fragrances. ※Shin-satsu Orai (1367), Vol. 1: "The famous fragrance of Shinto. (Abbreviation: Kagura, Shin-mume, Yomogi, Shobu, Hayashi-sho"⑤ Another name for May. ※Kana-zoshi, Usou-soshi (1632), Vol. 1: "Aokimono no shinajina (Abbreviation: Ayame ni wa fukazari jimaki) "⑥ Abbreviation for "ayame dango (Iris dumplings)". ※Kakushihon, Ukiyo-furo (1809-13), Vol. 1: "Various voices of merchants: 'Ayame ayame', 'Kintoki, Yude o-kaku-mame'"⑦ Name of the Hana-garuta card. It depicts an iris flower. Distributed in May. One of each of 10-point and 5-point cards, and two kasu-fuda cards.

Sho-bu Shau... [Iris]

〘Noun〙① A perennial plant of the Araceae family. It grows in clusters on the edges of ponds and rivers all over the country. It has a certain fragrance throughout, and its underground stems are white or pale red with many nodes. The leaves are clustered together, erect, sword-shaped, and 50-90cm long. In early summer, a 25-40cm long flower stalk rises from between the leaves, and at the end produces a cylindrical flower spike about 5cm long with a dense cluster of pale yellow flowers. There are long bracts at the base of the inflorescence. There is a custom of drinking iris tea on the Boys' Festival, as it is said to ward off evil spirits and prevent epidemics. Perfume is made from it, and the roots are used as a stomachic medicine. The Japanese iris, which belongs to the Iridaceae family, is sometimes called shobu. Its Chinese name is white iris, and shobu is originally the name for sekisho. Onizekisho. Ayamegusa. Season: Summer ※Shinsen Manyo (893-913) Vol. 1 "One kind of iris is the most abundant in Manchuria _and _{the other two} continents. In May, fish and turtles are especially abundant." ※Tonbo (around 974) Vol. 2 "It is strange that shave is so intense." [Korakufu - Crows' Night Cry] ② Abbreviation of "Iris attack." ※Ariake no Bye (late 12th century) Vol. 3 "The sleeves spilling out of the mist, the nasturtium flowers, the tachibana flowers, the shave flowers that open in the sash." ③ Abbreviation of "Iris Festival." ※Haiku poem, Uzuragoromo (1727-79) Later: "But even so, I will pass through the nobleman's New Year's pine decorations, and with my sleeves fluttering with peaches and irises, I will participate in this wedding ceremony and this memorial service." ④ These are the Hanafuda cards representing May. There is one ten-point card, one five-point card, and two one-point cards.

So-bu- sau… [Iris]

〘Noun〙 ("sau" is the direct pronunciation of "shau")① = Shobu (iris)①※Tonbo (around 974) vol. 2 "When the young people here get excited about the roots of the saubu, they are disturbed."※Haikai・Kyoya (1689) vol. 7 "I received a bowl of saubu bathing water (cargo) "② Abbreviation of "soubu gasane (iris kimono)".※Eika (around 1028-92) Flower viewing at the Imperial Court "A single-layered kimono made of woven dianthus , with a small saubu sleeve, I felt as if the cherry blossoms were blooming brilliantly and abundantly."

Source: The Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary About the Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary Information

Japanese:

〘名〙① アヤメ科の多年草。山野に自生するほか、観賞用として、庭、池辺などに栽培される。高さ三〇～六〇センチメートル。葉は剣の形で、基部は淡紅色をおび、さや状。初夏、紫や白などの花が咲く。外花被は花弁状で垂れ下がり、基部に黄と紫の虎斑(とらふ)模様がある。内花被は細く直立する。漢名、菖蒲、渓蓀は誤用。古名（白菖と区別する必要があったため）はなあやめ。《季・夏》※花譜（1698）中「菖蒲花(はなあやめ)〈略〉古歌に、あやめとよめるは、沢におふる菖蒲とて、端午に家をふく物をいふ。此あやめにはあらず」② サトイモ科のショウブの古名。初夏に、黄色の細花が密集した太い穂を出す。葉は剣の形で、香気が強いので邪気を払うとされ、五月五日の節句には、魔除けとして軒や車にさし、後世は、酒にひたしたり、湯に入れたり、種々の儀に用いられる。菖蒲の枕、菖蒲の湯、菖蒲刀の類。一方、根は白く、長いものは四、五尺に及ぶので、長命を願うしるしとする。また、根合わせといって、その長さを競う遊びもある。歌では「根」を「音」にかけ、「鳴く」「泣く」などの語を導いたり、物の文目(あやめ)に言いかけたりして詠まれることが多い。あやめぐさ。※蜻蛉（974頃）中「『おはしまさずとも、しゃうぶふかでは、ゆゆしからんを、いかがせんずる』といひたり。〈略〉世の中にある我が身かはわびぬればさらにあやめもしられざりけり」③ 襲(かさね)の色目の名。表は青、裏は紅梅（桃華蘂葉）。一説、表は白（西三条装束抄）。女房の五つ衣には、上に二つ青の濃淡、次に白、次の二つ紅梅の濃淡で、下に単(ひとえ)の白生絹(しろすずし)をつける（雅亮装束抄）。陰暦五月に用いる（女官飾抄）。④ 香木の名。分類は羅国(らこく)。香味は苦辛甘。六十一種名香の一つ。※新札往来（1367）上「新渡之名香。〈略〉神楽、新無名、蓬・菖蒲、林鐘」⑤ 五月の異称。※仮名草子・尤双紙（1632）上「あをき物のしなじな〈略〉あやめにいはふかざり粽(ぢまき)」⑥ 「あやめだんご（菖蒲団子）」の略。※滑稽本・浮世風呂（1809‐13）前「商人諸声『あやめあやめ』『金時、湯出大角豆』」⑦ 花ガルタの札の名。アヤメの花を描いたもの。五月に配する。一〇点、五点札、各一枚、滓札(かすふだ)二枚。

しょう‐ぶシャウ‥【菖蒲】

〘名〙① サトイモ科の多年草。各地の池や川のふちに群生する。全体に一種の香気があり、地下茎は白または淡赤色で節が多い。葉は群がって直立し剣伏線形で長さ五〇～九〇センチメートル。初夏、葉間から長さ二五～四〇センチメートルの花茎を立て先端に淡黄色の小花の密集した長さ約五センチメートルの円柱形の花穂をつける。花序の基部に長い苞葉がある。邪気を払い疫病を除くということから端午の節供に菖蒲湯の風習がある。香水をつくり根は健胃薬に用いる。アヤメ科のハナショウブをショウブと称することもある。漢名は白菖で、菖蒲は本来はセキショウの名。おにぜきしょう。あやめ。あやめぐさ。《季・夏》※新撰万葉（893‐913）上「菖蒲一種満_二洲中_一、五月尤繁魚鼈通」※蜻蛉（974頃）中「しゃうぶふかではゆゆしからんを」〔古楽府‐烏夜啼〕② 「しょうぶがさね（菖蒲襲）」の略。※有明の別（１２Ｃ後）三「みすのうちこぼれいでたる袖ぐちども、をりにあいたるなでしこのはな・たちばな・しゃうぶ」③ 「しょうぶ（菖蒲）の節供(せっく)」の略。※俳諧・鶉衣（1727‐79）後「さりとて又貴顕の門松をくぐり、桃に菖蒲に袖ふりはへて、ここの嫁入かしこの法事にもつらならんは」④ 花札で五月を表わす札。一〇点札が一枚、五点札が一枚、一点札が二枚ある。

そう‐ぶサウ‥【菖蒲】

〘名〙 (「さう」は「しゃう」の直音表記)① ＝しょうぶ（菖蒲）①※蜻蛉（974頃）下「さうぶの根、ながきなど、ここなるわかき人さわげば」※俳諧・曠野（1689）七「さうぶ入湯をもらひけり一盤(たらひ)〈荷兮〉」② 「そうぶがさね（菖蒲襲）」の略。※栄花（1028‐92頃）殿上の花見「撫子の織物の単襲(ひとへがさね)、さうぶの小褂奉りたる、華々と盛に桜の咲きこぼれたる心地して」

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