A standard site of the Ubaid period in the desert west of the Euphrates River in southern Iraq. It is believed to have been located between the second half of the 5th millennium BC and around 3500 BC. The Ubaid period is a cultural period established after the Eridu and Haji Muhammad periods, and is the oldest in southern Mesopotamia, with some scholars considering the earlier cultural period to be the Proto-Ubaid period. A large amount of pottery has been excavated from Ubaid, but the stratigraphy is unclear. Rather, in Eridu in the southeast, layers from the Ubaid period are found in layers 8 to 6. The Ubaid period is divided into two periods, the early and later, and a transition from a self-sufficient village to a temple-centered village including trade can be seen. Temples are found in Eridu, Uruk, and Ur, and in Ur, the early temples can be seen above the virgin layer. In northern Mesopotamia, the temple-centered village form became even more clear, and a temple belonging to the early Ubaid period was built at Tepe Gaura. [Masaaki Itoga] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
イラク南部、ユーフラテス川の西方砂漠にある、ウバイド期の標準遺跡。紀元前5000年紀後半から前3500年ごろに位置するものとされる。ウバイド期はエリドゥ期やハジ・ムハンマド期のあとに成立した文化期で、南メソポタミアではもっとも古く、それ以前の文化期を原ウバイド期とする学者もある。ウバイドからは土器が大量に出土したが、層位的にはっきりしていない。むしろ、南東にあるエリドゥにおいて、ウバイド期の層が8層から6層にみられる。ウバイド期は前・後の2期に分けられ、自給的な村落から交易を含む神殿中心の村落への移行が認められる。神殿はエリドゥ、ウルク、ウルにみられ、ウルでは処女層の上に初期のものがみられる。北メソポタミアでは、神殿中心の村落形態はよりいっそう明確となり、テペ・ガウラではウバイド前期に属する神殿が建てられている。 [糸賀昌昭] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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