Driving piles - Uchikomikui

Japanese: 打込杭 - うちこみくい

...The footing part can take the form of an independent footing, continuous footing, or composite footing, or a slab or beam. Based on the load resistance mechanism, they can be classified into support piles, which support vertical loads mainly with the hard layer at the tip of the pile, friction piles, which support vertical loads mainly by friction with the soil around the pile, and piles that resist horizontal forces and uprooting. Based on the construction method, they can be classified into driven piles, in which prefabricated piles manufactured at a factory are driven into the ground with a pile driver, buried piles, in which holes are drilled in the ground and prefabricated piles are buried in the ground, or hollow piles are driven into the ground while the soil inside is excavated and the base is reinforced by hammering or cement milk, and cast-in-place concrete piles, which are made on site by pouring concrete into holes drilled in the ground. In addition, when a support pile is built through a soft, thick layer of earth, if the soft layer is consolidated and subsided by fill soil or other factors (this can also happen when groundwater is pumped up), the soil will sink relative to the pile, creating a frictional force in the opposite direction to the supporting direction (called negative frictional force). To combat this, an asphalt-based slipper is applied to the pile to reduce the frictional force.

From [Pile]

…Steel piles are often used as sheet piles. There are two ways to install prefabricated piles: by driving them into the ground with the hammer of a pile driver (driven piles), or by digging holes in advance or digging soil through the hollow part of the pile (buried piles). The latter reduces vibration and noise caused by the hammer's blows, but has low bearing capacity. Foundations [Fujita Keiichi]. …

*Some of the terminology that refers to "driven piles" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…フーチング部分は直接基礎の場合の独立フーチング基礎，連続フーチング基礎，複合フーチング基礎やべた基礎あるいははりの形をとる。荷重に対する抵抗機構からは，主として杭先端の硬い地層で鉛直荷重を支持する支持杭，主として杭の周辺に働く土との摩擦力により鉛直荷重を支持する摩擦杭，水平力や引抜きに抵抗するための杭などに分けられ，また施工方法からは工場で製作した既製杭を杭打機で地盤中に打ち込む打込杭，地中に穴をあけて既製杭を埋め込んだり，中空杭をその内部の土を掘り出しながら地中に押し込み，最後に打撃を加えるかセメントミルクなどで根固めをした埋込杭，地中にあけた穴にコンクリートを打設することにより現場でつくられる場所打ちコンクリート杭に分類される。なお，軟弱な厚い地層を貫いて支持杭をつくった場合，軟弱地層が埋立土などのために圧密沈下すると(地下水のくみ上げでも起こる)，土が杭に対して相対的に下がる現象を起こし，支持する方向とは逆方向の摩擦力(負の摩擦力と呼ぶ)が生ずるので，これに対して杭にアスファルト性の滑り剤を塗布して摩擦力の低減をはかったりする。…