Baltimore

Japanese: ボルティモア(英語表記)Baltimore
Baltimore
A city in the northern part of Maryland, USA. It is located 145 km southwest of Philadelphia, in the head of Chesapeake Bay, at the mouth of the Patapsco River. It is the largest city in the state, and is a center of commerce, culture, education, and transportation. Construction began in 1729, and it developed as an export port, mainly tobacco. It was the site of the Continental Congress while Philadelphia was occupied by the British Army, and in 1830, a railroad was opened between Philadelphia and Ohio, which led to the development of commerce and made it a major port city. It also serves as an outer port for the capital, Washington DC. Heavy industries such as metal refining, machinery, shipbuilding, chemicals, and oil refining are thriving, centered on the largest steel industry on the Atlantic coast. There are many universities, including Johns Hopkins University, and international conferences are often held in the city, and publishing is also active. The grave of EA Poe is located in Westminster Church. It is the birthplace of baseball player Babe Ruth. Population 620,961 (2010).

Baltimore
Baltimore, David

Born: March 7, 1938, New York, USA. American virologist. After graduating from Swarthmore College in 1960, he studied medicine at Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Rockefeller University, receiving his doctorate in 1964. In 1965 he became an associate professor at the Salk Institute in California, and in 1972 he became a professor at MIT. He discovered the mechanism by which viruses that have ribonucleic acid (RNA) as their genes transcribe the genetic information of the RNA into the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of the host cell, causing the cell to become cancerous. In 1970, while researching the pediatric hand, foot and mouth disease virus, he discovered the reverse transcriptase that copies RNA into DNA independently of HM Temin. In 1975, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine along with R. Dulbecco and Temin. In 1990, he became president of Rockefeller University.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
アメリカ合衆国,メリーランド州北部にある都市。フィラデルフィアの南西 145km,チェサピーク湾奥で,パタプスコ川河口に位置する。同州最大の都市で,商工業,文化,教育,交通の中心地。 1729年建設が始り,タバコを主とする輸出港として発展。フィラデルフィアがイギリス軍に占領されていた間の大陸会議の開催地で,1830年オハイオとの間に鉄道が開通し,それに伴い商業も発達し,主要な港市となった。首都ワシントン D.C.の外港の役割も果している。大西洋沿岸では最大の製鉄業を中心に金属精錬,機械,造船,化学,製油などの重工業が盛ん。ジョンズ・ホプキンズ大学をはじめ多くの大学があり,国際学会がたびたび開催され,出版も盛ん。ウェストミンスター教会には E.A.ポーの墓地がある。野球選手ベーブ・ルースの生地。人口 62万961(2010)。

ボルティモア
Baltimore, David

[生]1938.3.7. アメリカ,ニューヨーク
アメリカのウイルス学者。 1960年スウォースモア大学卒業後マサチューセッツ工科大学,ロックフェラー大学で医学を学び,64年博士号を取得。 65年カリフォルニアのソーク研究所準教授,72年マサチューセッツ工科大学教授。遺伝子としてリボ核酸 RNAをもつウイルスが RNAの遺伝情報を宿主細胞のデオキシリボ核酸 DNAに転写し,細胞を癌化させる機構を発見した。 1970年に小児の手足口病ウイルスの研究から,H.M.テミンとは独立に RNAを DNAに写す逆転写酵素を発見した。 75年,R.ダルベッコ,テミンとともにノーベル生理学・医学賞受賞。 90年からはロックフェラー大学学長。

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