Lying

Japanese: うそぶき
Lying

...There are two distinctive features of Kyogen masks: those that make people laugh by laughing themselves, and those that make people laugh by exaggerating or distorting, i.e., expressions that are extremely contradictory to nature. The Enmei Kanja series is a representative of the former, and the Buaku series is a representative of the latter. Others include the Noborihige, used for the gods of subordinate shrines; the Hanabiki, a male ghost; the Usobuki and Kentoku, which represent the spirits of animals and plants; the Oji, an old man; the Oto, Fukure, and Nun, old and ugly women; and the monkey, fox, raccoon dog, dog, and kite, which represent animals themselves. The monkey and the fox appeared early on as messengers of the gods of Hiyoshi-sanno and Inari, respectively.

From [Hyottoko]

…Hyotoko appears as a clown along with Okame in the Kagura dances of sowing seeds and fishing, and is also called a spouting mask because of its pointed mouth. Similar masks are also used in Kyogen, where they are called Usobuki. Hyottoko is also a god of fire and wind, and is a god of blacksmithing. …

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "usobuki" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…狂言面の表現の特色は,自ら笑うことによって人に笑いをもよおさせるものと,誇張や歪曲つまり自然に著しく矛盾した表現によって笑いをさそうものと二つあり,〈延命冠者〉系は前者の,〈武悪〉は後者の代表的なものである。ほかに,末社の神に使われる〈登髭(のぼりひげ)〉,男の幽霊である〈鼻引〉,動植物の精霊をあらわす〈嘯吹(空吹)(うそぶき)〉と〈賢徳〉,老人の〈祖父(おおじ)〉,老女や醜女の〈乙(おと)〉〈ふくれ〉〈尼〉などがあり,動物そのものをあらわす〈猿〉〈狐〉〈狸〉〈犬〉〈鳶(とび)〉などもある。猿と狐はそれぞれ日吉山王と稲荷の神の使者として,早くから登場している。…

【ひょっとこ】より

…ひょっとこはお亀とともに道化役として神楽(かぐら)の種まきや魚釣りの舞に登場し,口をとがらしたようすから潮吹きともいわれている。同様な面は狂言にも用いられ,〈うそぶき〉とよばれる。ひょっとこは火の神,風の神として鍛冶神にもなる。…

※「うそぶき」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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