It refers to the act of dressing someone or the state of being dressed, or the way of dressing or the way of dressing. [Hiroko Ota] OverviewIn the late Heian period, the costumes worn by male nobles changed from the plain ones used up until then to stiff, starched, and angular ones that gave a sense of dignity. This made them more difficult to wear, and experts in the field were needed. "Emondo" is a set of etiquette for putting on costumes beautifully, and Minamoto Arihito, who lived during the reign of Emperor Toba (reigned 1107-1123), was particularly skilled in this field and is said to be the founder of Emondo. In the Kamakura period, the Oimikado and Tokudaiji families passed this down, and later the Takakura and Yamashina families continued to carry it on until the end of the Edo period. After the Meiji period, it was passed down to the Imperial Household Agency, and continues to this day. It was normal for people to put on their own kimono, but after the Taisho era, hairdressers who specialized in styling women's hair, makeup, and dressing appeared, and it became mainly these people who dressed brides in their wedding attire. Nowadays, there are many young people who cannot put on kimono well by themselves, so there is a trend to ask a professional to dress them when dressing for a formal occasion. After World War II, as kimono became less commonplace, from the end of the 1950s, "kimono dressing schools" began to be established to teach the technique of dressing in kimono, from everyday wear to formal attire and celebratory wear for boys and children, with the aim of reviving and popularizing kimono. These instructors are also sent out into society, and kimono dressing classes are opened all over the country. Unlike Western clothing, Japanese clothing is not made to fit the individual's figure, but is constructed flat, so the kimono is put on by using strings and obi to put it on. Depending on how the collar is aligned, how loose the obi is, the position of the obi, and how it is tied, it can be made to look suitable for formal wear, for everyday wear, or even for refined, stylish, or modern wear. The key to putting on a kimono is not just to wear it beautifully and with a good shape, but also to make it comfortable and not tight, to make sure it does not come undone when you move, and to put it on quickly, and the most important thing for this is to get used to wearing it. Recently, small props have been sold commercially to make it easier to put on by yourself. [Hiroko Ota] Key points for women's kimono dressing(1) Body shape correction. The body shape suitable for Japanese clothing is a straight, round figure with few bumps and curves. This will keep the obi stable and prevent it from coming undone. Since the waist is narrow, which is the cause of the obi coming undone, wrap a cloth or towel folded in half around it. The hollow of the collarbone is prone to wrinkles at the collar. Fold the towel lengthwise in four and place it in a V shape. If you have a full chest, place cotton wrapped in gauze on your solar plexus to create a gentle line from your chest to the obi. If your hips are sagging, the obi will hang up and wrinkle, so place a folded towel over the waist string and place it in the hollow of your waist. However, excessive correction will look unnatural, so you should know your body shape well and only do so to compensate for any imperfections. (2) For the half-collar, first attach a thin material similar to an obi-shin (belt core) to the collar of the long under-kimono, then drape the collar over it to make the collar firm. (3) The length of the long under-kimono is usually made to reach just below the ankles, but for formal wear it should be 2 to 3 centimeters longer. (4) If the long kimono is made to be about the same size as the wearer's height, the amount of hem will be just right. Other important dimensions, such as the width of the body and the length of the sleeves, must also suit the wearer when it is finished being made. (5) Use few strings, and tie the key parts neatly. (6) In order to put on the kimono quickly and efficiently, have all the necessary accessories ready before you start dressing. Items needed for dressing include tabi (socks), hadajuban (undergarment), susokoyoke (hem guard), nagajuban (long undergarment), obi board, obi pillow, obijime (sash fastener), datejime (belt fastener), obi string, towel for adjustment, bleached cloth, gauze, cotton, etc. [Hiroko Ota] Key points for men's kimono dressing(1) The collar should naturally follow the neck and not be pulled out. (2) The back seam should be properly centered around the body. (3) The obi should be tied above the hip bones, with the front lowered. Therefore, thin people or those with flat figures should adjust their abdomen with a towel. Items needed for dressing include tabi socks, hadajuban (a kimono undergarment), nagajuban (a long undergarment), and thin strings. In addition to the above, the word kimono dressing is also used in reference to Noh costumes and Kabuki costumes. [Hiroko Ota] Noh costumeNoh costumes are divided into outerwear, kimono, hakama, obi, and headgear. Outerwear refers to the outer garments such as kariginu, happi, choken, mizugoromo, maigoromo, and karaori. Kimono refers to the kosode-style clothing worn underneath these outerwear, including thick board, surihaku, nuihaku, noshime, and shironeri. [Hiroko Ota] Kabuki costumeIn Kabuki costumes, kimono is called kimono, and "putting on" means putting on in a set order. There are about 20 types of kimono, including kokumochi, kamiko, donuki, kubinuki, noshime, tsuketsuki kimono, fukurin, and kiritsugi. Ishimochi has a round white discharge dye where the family crest is attached, and is worn by low-ranking warriors, ronin, farmers, and other ladies-in-waiting, but for men, it is worn by farmers, fishermen, and other important roles. Tsuketsuki is made by attaching underwear to the kimono, and is a unique design that is convenient to wear and makes it easier to move on stage. Shiro nimai tsuketsuki gives the impression of wearing two layers of white underwear around the collar, and represents high social status. [Hiroko Ota] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
人に衣服を着せ付けること、また着せ付けられた状態をさす。あるいは着る方法、着こなしをいう。 [太田博子] 概説公家(くげ)男子の装束は平安後期になって、それまでの萎(なえ)装束から、糊(のり)をつけて固く角張らせ威儀を正した強(こわ)装束に変わった。そのため着装がむずかしくなり、その道の専門家が必要となった。「衣紋道(えもんどう)」は装束を美しく着付けるための一定の作法で、鳥羽(とば)天皇(在位1107~1123)のころの源有仁(ありひと)は、とくにその道に優れ、衣紋道の祖といわれる。鎌倉時代には大炊御門(おおいみかど)、徳大寺の両家がこれを伝承し、のちに高倉、山科(やましな)の両家が受け継いで、江戸時代末まで続いた。明治以後は宮内庁に継承されて今日に至っている。 一般では自分で着るのが普通であったが、大正以降女子の結髪、化粧、着付を専門とする美容師が現れて、主として花嫁衣装の着付はこれらの人が行うようになった。和服を自分で上手に着られない若い人が多い現在、盛装のときは専門家に着付を依頼する傾向がみられる。第二次世界大戦後、和服が非日常化していくなかで、昭和30年代末から和服の復興と普及を目ざして、日常着から礼装、男子や子供の祝い着まで、着付の技術を専門に教える「着付学校」ができ始めた。またその指導者を社会に送り出し、各地に着付教室が開かれている。 和服は洋服のように、その人の体型にあわせて仕立てられた成形衣ではなく、平面的な構成になっているため、紐(ひも)や帯を使って体に着付けていくことで着物姿ができあがっていく。衿(えり)のあわせ方、抜き加減、帯の位置、結び方などで礼装向きに、街着向きに、また上品にも粋(いき)にも、モダンにもと、着付によって変化させることができる。着付のポイントは、形よく美しく着るだけではなく、苦しくなく着心地がよいこと、動作によって着くずれをおこさぬこと、手早く着付けることなどであるが、それには着慣れることが第一である。最近は、より簡単に自分で着られるように、そのための小道具も市販されている。 [太田博子] 女子着付の要点(1)体型の補整。和装に適した体型は凹凸の少ないずんどう型である。これだと帯が安定して着くずれしない。ウエストのくびれは着くずれのもとなので、晒(さらし)かタオルを二つ折りにして巻く。鎖骨のくぼみは衿元にしわが出やすい。タオルを縦四つ折りにしてV字型に当てる。胸が豊かな人は、みぞおちにガーゼに包んだ綿花を当て、胸から帯までなだらかな線を出す。ヒップが下がっていると、帯のたれがはね上がったり、しわが出たりするので、畳んだタオルを腰紐にかけて腰のへこみに当てる。ただし補整の行きすぎは不自然なので、体型をよく知り、欠点を補う程度にとどめたい。(2)半衿は、あらかじめ薄地の帯芯(おびしん)程度のものを長襦袢(ながじゅばん)の衿につけておき、その上から掛けると衿元がしっかりする。(3)長襦袢の丈は普通は、くるぶしの下程度に仕立てるが、礼装用はこれより2~3センチメートル長くしておく。(4)長着は身長と同寸くらいに仕立てると、おはしょりの分量がちょうどよい。そのほか身幅、裄(ゆき)など、仕立上がり寸法が着装者にあっていることが必要である。(5)紐数は少なくし、要所をきちんと締める。(6)手順よく早く着るためには、着付にかかる前に必要な小物類を全部そろえておく。着付に必要なものは、足袋(たび)、肌襦袢、裾(すそ)よけ、長襦袢、帯板、帯枕(おびまくら)、帯締、伊達(だて)締、腰紐、補整用のタオル、晒、ガーゼ、綿花などである。 [太田博子] 男子着付の要点(1)衿は首に自然に沿わせて、抜かない。(2)背縫いがきちんと体の中心になるように着る。(3)帯は腰骨の上に、前を下げるように結ぶ。そのため、やせている人、扁平な体型の人は、腹部をタオルで補整するとよい。着付に必要なものは足袋、肌襦袢、長襦袢、細紐などである。以上のほかに着付ということばは、能装束や歌舞伎(かぶき)の衣装にも用いられている。 [太田博子] 能装束能装束は表着(うわぎ)、着付、袴(はかま)、帯、被(かぶ)り物の類に分けられる。そのうち表着は狩衣(かりぎぬ)、法被(はっぴ)、長絹(ちょうけん)、水衣(みずごろも)、舞衣(まいごろも)、唐織(からおり)など上に着るものをさす。着付とは、これら表着の下に着る厚板(あついた)、摺箔(すりはく)、縫箔(ぬいはく)、熨斗目(のしめ)、白練(しろねり)など、小袖(こそで)形の衣服を総称していう。 [太田博子] 歌舞伎衣装歌舞伎衣装では、着物のことを着付とよんでおり、「着付をする」という場合は、決められた順序に従い着装するという意味を表す。着付の種類には、石持(こくもち)、紙衣(かみこ)、胴抜(どうぬき)、首抜(くびぬき)、熨斗目、付付(つけつき)着付、覆輪(ふくりん)、切継(きりつぎ)など20種くらいのものがある。石持は家紋をつけるところを、丸く白の抜き染めにしたもので、身分の低い武家、浪人、百姓などの女房役が着るが、男子は百姓、漁師などのうち、重要な役を演じる者が着る。付付着付は着付に下着をつけて仕立てたもので、着装上の便利さや、舞台で動作がしやすいようにくふうされた独特のものである。白二枚付付着付といえば、衿元で白の下着を2枚重ねて着ている感じを出し、身分の高さを表している。 [太田博子] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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