A hanging bell used in temples to summon the masses and to announce the time of morning and evening. It was modeled after the wooden kanchi used at assemblies in India and the Chinese bronze bell. It is also called a large bell, or a whale bell or a hong bell because of its loud sound. Most are 150-200cm tall and 60-90cm in diameter, and are cast from copper mixed with small amounts of tin and zinc. It has a crown at the top to hang it from the bell tower, and a pair of lotus-shaped striking seats at the bottom, made of zelkova wood, and small breast-shaped protrusions called "breast towns" to improve acoustics. It was brought to Japan via Korea. Many Korean temple bells, made with excellent casting techniques, were imported, but the oldest surviving Japanese bell is the one cast in the second year of the reign of Emperor Mommu (698) and kept at Myoshinji Temple in Ukyo Ward, Kyoto (originally kept at Jokongo-in Temple in Saga). Many of these bells are considered famous bells. They are also known as the bell rung on New Year's Eve. [Masao Fujii] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
寺院にあって、大衆(だいしゅ)を招集するときや朝夕の時を知らせるために用いる釣鐘(つりがね)。インドで集会のときに用いられた木製の犍稚(かんち)と、中国の銅鐘に基づいてつくられた。大鐘とも、またその音の大きいことから鯨鐘(げいしょう)、洪鐘(こうしょう)ともいう。一般に高さ150~200センチメートル、直径60~90センチメートルのものが多く、銅に少量の錫(すず)、亜鉛を混じて鋳造される。形状は、上部には鐘楼に吊(つ)るす釣り手として竜頭(りゅうず)があり、下部に一対(つい)の蓮華(れんげ)状の撞座(つきざ)を配して、これを橦木(しゅもく)でつくようになっており、音響効果を高めるために「乳(ち)の町」という乳房状の小突起をつけている。日本には朝鮮を経てもたらされた。鋳造の技術の優れた朝鮮製の梵鐘が多く輸入されたが、現存する最古の日本製の鐘は文武(もんむ)天皇2年(698)に鋳造された京都右京区・妙心寺蔵(もとは嵯峨(さが)・浄金剛(じょうこんごう)院蔵)の鐘である。名鐘とよばれる鐘は多い。また大晦日(おおみそか)に鳴らす除夜の鐘としても知られる。 [藤井正雄] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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