Also called a floating crane or a lifting ship. A crane that is mounted on a rectangular box and can be moved to a required location in a port. It is used for cargo handling at ports, construction at shipyards, and undersea work, but is mainly used to handle particularly large and heavy objects, and its lifting capacity ranges from 10 to 250 tons to 2000 tons and even 3000 tons today. Mobile types were invented because it would be uneconomical to keep heavy objects fixed to a wharf or other location because they are used infrequently. There are self-propelled and towed types. The former are lifting ships or crane ships, and the latter are floating cranes or floating hoists, but the latter are more like barges equipped with hoists. As containerization of export cargo progresses, the weight of cargo handling is shifting to fixed cranes at container wharves and other locations. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
浮起重機,起重機船などとも呼ばれる。長方形の箱船の上に塔形クレーンや回転ジブクレーンなどを取付け,港の中の必要な場所に移動させて利用するクレーン。港での荷役,造船所の工事,海底作業などに使われるが,主として特別に大きく重いものを取扱うのに使われ,持上げる能力も 10~250t程度のものから,今日では 2000t,さらに 3000tぐらいのものまである。埠頭などに固定しておくと特別重量物は利用回数が少いため不経済となるところから移動式が考案されたもの。自航式と曳航式がある。前者が起重機船またはクレーン船であり,後者が浮きクレーンまたは浮起重機であるが,後者はむしろ起重機を積載したバージである。輸出貨物のコンテナ化の進展に従って,コンテナ埠頭などの固定クレーンに荷さばきの比重が移りつつある。
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