Cadet (English spelling) Кадеты/Kadetï Russian

Japanese: カデット - かでっと(英語表記)Кадеты/Kadetï ロシア語
Cadet (English spelling) Кадеты/Kadetï Russian

A political party in Imperial Russia. It was officially called the "People's Liberal Party." It was founded in October 1905 by historian Milyukov, advocating British-style constitutional government and liberal reforms. Its members included lawyers, university professors, doctors, engineers, businessmen and other liberal-leaning people, and by the second party congress in January 1906 it had grown to 100,000 members and 42 local chapters. It advocated constitutional democracy, land redistribution with compensation for landowners, and an eight-hour workday, and in the First Duma it won 179 seats and became the largest party under the slogan "political freedom and social justice." During World War I, the party played a major role in the War Industry Committee, and in 1917, when the Provisional Government was established after the February Revolution, it was the only influential non-socialist party. The party sent six cabinet members, including Foreign Minister Milukov, to the Provisional Government headed by Prince Lvov, but Milukov was forced to resign after public protests due to his policy of continuing the war. Four party members were also appointed to the second coalition government, but the party gradually lost popularity to the SRs and the Bolsheviks, and began to lose the support of the people.

On November 28 (December 11 in the Gregorian calendar) after the October Revolution, the Soviet government declared the Kadets a "party of enemies of the people" and began arresting their members. Many members left Russia on the Denikins' ships in 1919 and fled to Europe and the United States. By 1921, these exiles had established two centers in Paris and Berlin, the former publishing the newspaper Late News under Milyukov, and the latter the Rudder under Gussen.

[Tsuguo Tonokawa]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

帝政ロシアの政党。立憲民主党Конституционно‐демократическая партия/Konstitutsionno‐demokraticheskaya partiyaの略称。公式には「人民自由党」といった。1905年10月、歴史家ミリュコーフを中心に、イギリス流の立憲政治と自由主義的な改革を掲げて結成された。メンバーには弁護士、大学教授、医師、技師、実業家など自由主義的傾向の人々が加わり、06年1月の第2回党大会には党員10万、地方支部42を数えるまでに成長した。立憲民主政治、地主への補償を伴った土地の再配分、8時間労働制などを掲げ、第1国会では「政治的自由と社会的正義」をスローガンにして179議席を獲得し第一党となった。第一次世界大戦中は戦時産業委員会で大きな役割を果たし、17年、二月革命後臨時政府が成立したときは、非社会主義政党としては唯一の有力な党であった。リボフ公を首班とする臨時政府に、外相ミリュコーフ以下6名の閣僚を送ったが、ミリュコーフは戦争継続政策をとったところから、民衆の抗議を受け辞任をやむなくされた。第二次連立内閣でも4名の党員を入閣させたが、しだいにSR(エスエル)とボリシェビキに人気を奪われ、国民の支持を失うようになった。

 十月革命後の11月28日(新暦12月11日)ソビエト政府は、カデットを「人民の敵の党」と宣言し、メンバーの逮捕を開始した。多くのメンバーは1919年デニキン家の船でロシアを去り、ヨーロッパ各地やアメリカに亡命した。21年までに、これらの亡命者によって、パリとベルリンに二つの中心がつくられ、前者はミリュコーフの指導下に機関紙『最新ニュース』を、後者はグッセンの下で『舵(ルーリ)』を発行した。

[外川継男]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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