A tube used to drain the contents of a body cavity or organ, and can be made of metal or flexible material such as rubber or silicone resin. It can also be used to drain not only liquids but also gases, and to inject drugs into the body. Catheters vary in shape and thickness depending on the purpose of their use. Catheters inserted through the anus to expel gas (farts) are thick, while those used to collect and expel gastric juices are about the thickness of a udon noodle. Bile duct catheters are roughly the same thickness. Catheters used to inject contrast agents or medicines into blood vessels have curved tips depending on the purpose, and come in a variety of thicknesses. There are many different types of catheters that are inserted into the urethra for catheterization. The most common is the Nelaton catheter, which has a blunt tip made from rubber or silicone resin. Balloon or Foley catheters are designed to be left in place for long periods of time and have a balloon-like inflatable section near the tip. Cheman catheters have a somewhat hard, upward-pointing tip to allow the catheter to easily pass through the prostatic urethra. There are also various other types of catheters, such as those for hemostasis, for women, for children, and for cleaning. [Nobuo Kawamura] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
体腔(たいくう)または器官の内容液を排出するために用いる管で、金属性のものや、ゴム、シリコン樹脂などでつくられた柔軟性のものがある。なお、液体ばかりでなく気体の排出にも使われるし、体内に薬物などを注入するためにも用いられる。 カテーテルは使用目的によって形や太さが異なる。ガス(おなら)を排出する目的で肛門(こうもん)から入れるものは太く、胃液の採取や排出に用いるものは、うどんくらいの太さである。胆管カテーテルも、ほぼ同じくらいの太さである。また、血管内に造影剤や薬剤を注入する目的で用いるものは、目的に応じて先端が曲がっており、太さもいろいろある。 導尿の目的で尿道に入れるものにも、いろいろくふうされたものがある。もっとも一般的なのは、ゴムやシリコン樹脂などでつくられた先端が鋭くないネラトン・カテーテルである。バルーンまたはフォーレイ・カテーテルは、長時間の留置を目的としているため、先端近くに風船状に膨らませる部分がつくられている。チーマン・カテーテルは、尿道前立腺(せん)部を容易に通過させるため、先端はやや硬質で上を向いている。このほか、止血用、女子用、小児用、洗浄用など各種のカテーテルがある。 [河村信夫] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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