Acetyl CoA - Acetyl CoA

Japanese: アセチルCoA - アセチルコエー
Acetyl CoA - Acetyl CoA

C 23 H 38 N 7 O 17 P 3 S (809.58). Abbreviated as CH 3 CO-CoA. Also called acetyl coenzyme A or activated acetate. Pyruvic acid produced by glycolysis in the body is converted to acetyl CoA by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (coenzymes are CoA, NAD + , lipoic acid, thiamine diphosphate, and Mg 2+ ). Acetyl CoA is also produced by the oxidative decomposition of fatty acids. Acetyl CoA is a high-energy compound, and the free energy change when its thioester bond is hydrolyzed is -33.5 kJ mol -1 . As shown in the following equation, the carbonyl carbon of acetyl CoA is partially positively charged and the α-carbon is partially negatively charged. The former reacts with nucleophiles such as amines, ammonia, alcohols, thiol esters, and phosphates, while the latter reacts with electrophiles such as acyl CoA, CO 2 , and the CO 2 -biotin complex.

The main reactions of acetyl CoA include:

(1) Formation of esters or amides

(2) Reaction of methyl groups (e.g., to produce citric acid)

(3) Condensation reaction

In this way, acetyl CoA is involved in carbohydrate metabolism, fatty acid decomposition and synthesis, steroid and ketone body metabolism, propionic acid metabolism, and branched-chain amino acid metabolism in the body. [CAS 72-89-9][See other terms] Coenzyme

Source: Morikita Publishing "Chemical Dictionary (2nd Edition)" Information about the Chemical Dictionary 2nd Edition

Japanese:

C23H38N7O17P3S(809.58).略称CH3CO-CoA.アセチル補酵素A,活性アセタートともいう.生体内の解糖反応により生じたピルビン酸は,ピルビン酸脱水素酵素複合体(補酵素はCoA,NAD,リポ酸,チアミン二リン酸,Mg2+)により,アセチルCoAとなる.また,アセチルCoAは脂肪酸の酸化的分解によっても生成される.アセチルCoAは高エネルギー化合物であり,そのチオエステル結合が加水分解されるときの自由エネルギー変化は-33.5 kJ mol-1 である.アセチルCoAは次式に示すように,カルボニル炭素が部分的に正に,α炭素は部分的に負に荷電する.前者はアミン,アンモニア,アルコール,チオールエステル,リン酸などの求核試薬と反応し,後者はアシルCoA,CO2,CO2-ビオチン複合体などの親電子試薬と反応する.

アセチルCoAの主要な反応には次のものがある.

(1)エステルまたはアミドの生成

(2)メチル基の反応(例:クエン酸を生成)

(3)縮合反応

このようにして生体内においてアセチルCoAは,炭水化物の代謝,脂肪酸の分解と合成,ステロイド,ケトン体の代謝,プロピオン酸の代謝,分岐鎖アミノ酸の代謝などに関与している.[CAS 72-89-9][別用語参照]補酵素

出典 森北出版「化学辞典(第2版)」化学辞典 第2版について 情報

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