A general term for marine animals that were once placed in the phylum Coelenterata and considered a subphylum, but are now classified as an independent phylum called Ctenophora. Most of them are planktonic and rich in agar, so they resemble hydromedusae and scyphomedusae, and have many morphological similarities, but they also have many characteristics that differ from these jellyfish. That is, even comb jellies do not form a true mesoderm, and their bodies consist of two layers, the exodermis and the endodermis, with mesogel in between, and their nervous system is scattered in a mesh-like pattern just below the exodermis. However, comb jellies have some notable characteristics, such as the complete absence of nematocysts, which are always found in ordinary coelenterates, their bodies being biradial rather than radially symmetrical, the presence of eight rows of comb plates formed by the gathering of cilia on the body surface, all of them being dioecious, and no planula larvae being formed during development. Many types of comb jellies have two tentacles. They are widely distributed as plankton in the world's oceans, including the balloon jellyfish, horseshoe jellyfish, obi jellyfish, and cucumber jellyfish, and are named after the shape of their body. Comb flatworms, jellyfish bugs, and squirrel jellyfish are not planktonic, but live a creeping life on the sea floor, and many of these have strange shapes, and the comb plates have degenerated in adults. Scholars do not necessarily agree on the lineage of comb jellies, but it cannot be denied that there is some kind of affinity with the flatworm class, the Turbellaria. [Mayumi Yamada] ©Tomita Hyakushu "> Diagram of the body structure of comb jellyfish It is flat and long like a belt. © Underwater Fort Enterprise, Isamu Soyama "> Ophiopogon jellyfish (ecology) It has a long, spindle-like shape and swims by extending a pair of long tentacles. © Underwater Fort Enterprise, Isamu Soyama "> Balloon jellyfish (ecology) Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
腔腸動物(こうちょうどうぶつ)門に入れられてその1亜門とされていたが、現在の分類では有櫛動物(ゆうしつどうぶつ)という独立の1門として一括されている海産動物の総称。多くは浮遊性であり、また寒天質に富むため、ヒドロクラゲ類やハチクラゲ類に似ているし、また形態的な共通点も多いが、これらのクラゲ類とは異なる特徴も多い。すなわち、クシクラゲ類でも真の中胚葉(ちゅうはいよう)が形成されず、体は外皮、内皮の2層とその中間の中膠(ちゅうこう)とからなり、また神経系は外皮直下に網目状をなして散在している。しかし、一方ではクシクラゲ類には、普通の腔腸動物にかならずみられる刺胞がまったくみられないこと、体が放射相称ではなく二放射相称であること、体表に繊毛の集まって生じた8列の櫛板(くしいた)があること、すべて雌雄異体であること、発生中にプラヌラ幼生が形成されないこと、などいくつかの著しい特徴がみられる。クシクラゲ類の多くの種類には2本の触手がみられる。フウセンクラゲ、カブトクラゲ、オビクラゲ、ウリクラゲなど、世界の海にプランクトンとして広く分布し、それぞれの体の形からその名がつけられている。クシヒラムシ、クラゲムシ、コトクラゲなどは浮遊性ではなく、海底にすんで匍匐(ほふく)生活を送っており、これらのものの多くは奇妙な形をしており、また成体では櫛板が退化している。クシクラゲ類の系統については学者の見解はかならずしも一致していないが、扁形(へんけい)動物の渦虫類(うずむしるい)となんらかの類縁があるであろうことは否定できない。 [山田真弓] ©冨田百秋"> クシクラゲの体制模式図 帯のように扁平で細長い©水中フォート・エンタープライズ 楚山いさむ"> オビクラゲ(生態) 細長い紡錘形で、1対の長い触手を伸ばして遊泳する©水中フォート・エンタープライズ 楚山いさむ"> フウセンクラゲ(生態) 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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