...On the other hand, in France, which was behind in the formation of the citizen class, the 18th century, culminating with the French Revolution, was the period of the flowering of Enlightenment. There, while learning much from advanced British thought, Enlightenment, at least in part, showed a more radical form, such as materialism and atheism. Germany, which was even further behind England and France in the formation of a civil society due to the division of territories and the continued strong control of the large land-owning aristocracy, had to move toward the formation of a modern state in an irregular form, the so-called "enlightenment from above" by Frederick the Great. University teachers such as Wolf, who systematized Leibniz's philosophy, and Thomasius, Wolf's teacher and pioneer in replacing German with Latin as an academic term, played a relatively leading role here, but the content of their ideas was not as radical as those in France. ... *Some of the terminology used to refer to "enlightenment from above" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…一方,市民階層の形成におくれをとったフランスにあっては,フランス革命を頂点とする18世紀が啓蒙思想の開花期となるが,ここでは,先進のイギリス思想に多くを学びながら,啓蒙思想はすくなくとも一翼において,唯物論,無神論などといったより徹底した過激な形態を示す。領邦の分立,大土地所有貴族の強固な支配権の残存などのために,英仏両国にたいしてさらに市民社会の形成におくれをとったドイツは,フリードリヒ大王のいわゆる〈上からの啓蒙〉という変則的な形で近代国家の形成に向かわなければならなかった。ライプニッツの哲学を体系化したウォルフ,またウォルフの師でドイツ語をラテン語にかえて学術用語として採用する先駆となったトマジウスなどの大学教師がここでは比較的主導的な役割を演じたが,それらの思想内容はフランスのものほどに過激ではない。… ※「上からの啓蒙」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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