Activation energy - kassei kaenerugii (English spelling) activation energy

Japanese: 活性化エネルギー - かっせいかえねるぎー(英語表記)activation energy
Activation energy - kassei kaenerugii (English spelling) activation energy

In order for a chemical reaction to move from a source system to a product system, it is believed that the reaction must pass through the most energetic state called the activated state (active system, where an activated complex is formed), and the energy required to create this activated system starting from the source system of the reaction is called activation energy. The Arrhenius equation is used to determine the value of this activation energy from experiments.

k = A exp( -Ea / RT )
This formula gives the relationship between the reaction rate constant k and the reaction temperature T (absolute temperature), with Ea being the activation energy. Usually, the activation energy Ea is obtained from the gradient of the linear relationship between the logarithm of k and the reciprocal of the temperature ( A is a constant called the frequency factor, and R is the gas constant). The activation energy obtained in this way is called the apparent activation energy. In the case of a compound reaction consisting of several elementary reactions (reactions that cannot be divided any further), this apparent activation energy is usually more complex than the activation energy of the elementary reactions (true activation energy). Similar concepts can be applied to transport phenomena such as diffusion and other physical changes other than chemical reactions to find the activation energy.

[Toda Genjiro and Nakahara Katsunori]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

一つの化学反応が原系から生成系へ移るためには、途中に活性化状態(活性系。ここで活性錯合体が生成する)とよばれるもっともエネルギーの高い状態を経なければならないと考え、反応の原系から出発してこの活性系をつくるために必要なエネルギーを活性化エネルギーという。実験からこの活性化エネルギーの値を求めるのにはアレニウスの式を用いる。

  kAexp(-Ea/RT)
この式は、反応速度定数kと反応温度T(絶対温度)との関係を与えるものであってEaが活性化エネルギーである。通常kの対数と温度の逆数との間の直線関係の勾配(こうばい)から活性化エネルギーEaが得られる(Aは定数で頻度因子とよばれ、Rは気体定数)。こうして求められた活性化エネルギーを見かけの活性化エネルギーという。いくつかの素反応(これ以上分けることのできない反応)からなる複合反応の場合、この見かけの活性化エネルギーは、素反応の活性化エネルギー(真の活性化エネルギー)に比べて、通常、内容が複雑になる。化学反応以外の、拡散などの輸送現象、その他の物理的変化にも同じような考え方が適用され、活性化エネルギーが求められる。

[戸田源治郎・中原勝儼]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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