Oliver Stone

Japanese: ストーン(英語表記)Stone, Oliver
Oliver Stone
Born: September 15, 1946. New York, New York. American film director, screenwriter, and producer. He studied at Yale University but dropped out and went to the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam) to teach English. His experience volunteering for the U.S. Army in 1967 during the Vietnam War had a profound influence on his subsequent work. He majored in film at New York University, studied under director Martin Scorsese, and earned his bachelor's degree in 1971. After directing horror films such as Seizure! (1974), he won an Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay for Midnight Express (1978). Returning to directing, he won an Academy Award for Best Director for Platoon (1986), which depicted the trauma of the Vietnam War. Following Wall Street (1987), he again won an Academy Award for Best Director for Born on the Fourth of July (1989), which dealt with the negative effects of the Vietnam War, and was nominated for a fourth Academy Award as a screenwriter. After JFK (1991) and The Doors (1991), he directed Natural Born Killers (1994), based on a story by Quentin Tarantino. Other films include Nixon (1995), which is based on President Richard M. Nixon; Any Given Sunday (1999) and Alexander (2004), which deal with issues of power and violence; World Trade Center (2006), which is based on the September 11 terrorist attacks; and W. (2008), which depicts the life of President George W. Bush.

Stone
Stone, Lucy

Born August 13, 1818 in West Brookfield, Massachusetts.
[Died] October 18, 1893. Boston, Massachusetts. One of the earliest women's liberation activists in the United States. A pioneer of the women's suffrage movement, she was instrumental in organizing the first national women's rights conference in 1850. From an early age, she protested against the restrictions imposed on women. She even declared that she would study Hebrew and Greek to make sure that the Bible verse "to man is given dominion over woman" was translated correctly (she later did so and concluded that it was incorrect). She graduated from Oberlin College in 1847. She later became a speaker for the Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society and spoke about women's rights. In the 1850s, she organized several women's rights conferences. In 1855, she married abolitionist Henry Blackwell. She continued to use her maiden name after her marriage as a protest against unequal laws that restricted the rights of married women. Until the 1890s, the term "Lucy Stoner" was used to refer to women's rights activists, especially married women who kept their maiden names. After 10 years of activism in New Jersey, she moved with her husband to Boston, Massachusetts. In 1869, she founded the American Woman Suffrage Association, a moderate organization whose goal was to grant suffrage to women on a state-by-state basis. In 1890, the organization merged with the National Woman Suffrage Association, which strongly advocated amendments to the U.S. Constitution, to become the National Woman Suffrage Association. In 1870, she founded the weekly magazine Woman's Journal. (→Feminism)

Stone
Stone, Julius

Born: July 7, 1907, Reid, Yorkshire
[Died] September 3, 1985.
British international law scholar and legal philosopher. After studying at Oxford University, Leeds University, and other institutions, he obtained a degree from Harvard University and began teaching there. After World War II, he taught international law and legal philosophy at the University of Sydney. His major work, The Province and Function of Law (1946), is highly regarded as a detailed overview of legal philosophy with a broad perspective. His other major works include a trilogy of revised and expanded versions of the above book: Legal System and Lawyers' Reasonings (64), Human Law and Human Justice (65), and Social Dimensions of Law and Justice (66).

Stone
Stone, Nicolas

[Born] 1586. Wood Paris
[Died] August 24, 1647, London. English stone sculptor. He studied under I. James in London, and from 1606 he trained under the sculptor Hendrick de Keyser in Amsterdam for seven years. After returning to England, he settled in London and trained under the architect I. Jones from 1619 to 1622, and became famous as a tomb sculptor. He produced the tomb of Henry, Duke of Nathebeton, Lady Curry in Nathebetonshire, and C. Morrison in Watford. His later works are strongly influenced by Italian art. He was the most outstanding stone sculptor in 17th-century England, but was not highly regarded as an artist. His son of the same name (died 1647) was also a sculptor, and he mainly worked under Bernini.

Stone
Stone, John Richard Nicolas

Born: August 30, 1913, London
[Died] December 6, 1991.
British economist. Graduated from Cambridge University. Worked as an economic bureaucrat at the Central Statistical Office during the British War Cabinet. In 1945 he became a Fellow of Cambridge University and taught public finance and accountancy, retiring in 1980. During that time he served as president of the Econometric Society in 1955 and president of the Royal Economic Society from 1978 to 1980. He also developed the System of National Accounts (New SNA) as a central figure in the expert group of the United Nations Statistical Commission, making it possible to make overall comparisons of the economic situations of countries around the world. In 1984 he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Economics in recognition of his achievements.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1946.9.15. ニューヨーク,ニューヨーク
アメリカ合衆国の映画監督,脚本家,プロデューサー。エール大学で学んだがすぐ中退し,ベトナム共和国(南ベトナム)へ赴いて英語の教師をした。ベトナム戦争中の 1967年にアメリカ陸軍に志願した経験がその後の作品づくりに深く影響している。ニューヨーク大学で映画を専攻してマーティン・スコセッシ監督に師事し,1971年に学士号を取得。『邪悪の女王』Seizure!(1974)などのホラー映画を監督したのち,『ミッドナイト・エクスプレス』Midnight Express(1978)でアカデミー賞脚色賞を受賞した。監督業に戻ると,ベトナム戦争のトラウマ(→心的外傷)を描いた『プラトーン』Platoon(1986)でアカデミー賞監督賞を受賞した。『ウォール街』Wall Street(1987)に続き,ベトナム戦争の悪影響を扱った『7月4日に生まれて』Born on the Fourth of July(1989)で再びアカデミー賞監督賞を受賞するとともに,脚本家として 4度目のアカデミー賞候補になった。『JFK』JFK(1991),『ドアーズ』The Doors(1991)ののち,クエンティン・タランティーノ原案の『ナチュラル・ボーン・キラーズ』Natural Born Killers(1994)を監督。ほかにリチャード・M.ニクソン大統領を題材にした『ニクソン』Nixon(1995),権力と暴力の問題を描いた『エニイ・ギブン・サンデー』Any Given Sunday(1999)と『アレキサンダー』Alexander(2004),アメリカ同時テロを主題とした『ワールド・トレード・センター』World Trade Center(2006),ジョージ・W.ブッシュ大統領の半生を描いた『ブッシュ』W.(2008)などがある。

ストーン
Stone, Lucy

[生]1818.8.13. マサチューセッツ,ウェストブルックフィールド
[没]1893.10.18. マサチューセッツ,ボストン
アメリカ合衆国の最初期の女性解放論者。女性の参政権を求める女性参政権運動の草分け。1850年に行なわれた最初の全国女性権利会議の開催に尽力した。幼い頃から女性に課せられた制約について異議を唱える。聖書にある「男性には女性を支配する権利が与えられた」とする一節が正しく訳されているかどうかを確認するため,ヘブライ語とギリシア語を学ぶと宣言したほどであった(のち実際に学び,正しくないと結論づけた)。1847年にオーバーリン高等学院を卒業。その後,マサチューセッツ反奴隷制協会の講演者となり,女性の権利についても言及した。1850年代には女性の権利に関する会議を複数組織した。1855年,奴隷制廃止論者ヘンリー・ブラックウェルと結婚。結婚後も既婚女性の権利を制限する不平等な法に抗議する意味をこめ旧姓を使い続けた。1890年代まで「ルーシー・ストーナー」ということばが女性権利運動の活動家,特に旧姓を使い続ける既婚女性に対して用いられた。ニュージャージー州で 10年活動したあと,夫とともにマサチューセッツ州ボストンに移動。1869年,州ごとに女性に参政権を与えることを目的とした穏健派のアメリカ女性参政権協会を設立した。同協会は 1890年に合衆国憲法の修正を強く求める全国女性参政権協会と合併して全米女性参政権協会となった。1870年に週刊誌『ウーマンズ・ジャーナル』Woman's Journalを創刊した。(→フェミニズム)

ストーン
Stone, Julius

[生]1907.7.7. ヨークシャー,リード
[没]1985.9.3.
イギリスの国際法学者,法哲学者。オックスフォード大学,リード大学などで学んだのち,ハーバード大学で学位をとり,同大学で教職についた。第2次世界大戦後はシドニー大学で国際法と法哲学を講じた。その主著『法の領域と機能』 The Province and Function of Law (1946) は広い視野に立った詳細な法哲学概説書として高く評価されている。主著としては上記の著書の改訂増補版としての3部作,『法体系と法律家の推論』 Legal System and Lawyers' Reasonings (64) ,『人間の法と人間の正義』 Human Law and Human Justice (65) ,『法と正義の社会的諸次元』 Social Dimensions of Law and Justice (66) がある。

ストーン
Stone, Nicolas

[生]1586. ウッドパリ
[没]1647.8.24. ロンドン
イギリスの石彫師。ロンドンの I.ジェームズに学び,1606年から7年間アムステルダムで彫刻家ヘンドリック・ド・カイゼルのもとで修業した。帰国後ロンドンに定住,19~22年建築家 I.ジョーンズのもとで修業し,墓廟彫刻家として名をなした。ナザブトン公ヘンリーの墓廟をはじめ,ナザブトンシャーのカレー夫人の墓,ワットフォードの C.モリソンの墓などを制作。後期の作品にはイタリア美術の影響が強い。彼は 17世紀イギリスの最もすぐれた石彫師であったが,芸術家としての地位は高くはなかった。同名の息子 (1647没) も彫刻家で,彼はおもにベルニーニのもとで制作した。

ストーン
Stone,John Richard Nicolas

[生]1913.8.30. ロンドン
[没]1991.12.6.
イギリスの経済学者。ケンブリッジ大学卒業。イギリス戦時内閣では経済官僚として中央統計局に勤務。 1945年からケンブリッジ大学フェローとなり財政学,会計学を教授,80年退官。その間 55年には計量経済学会会長,78~80年王立経済学会会長を歴任。また国連統計委員会の専門グループの中心として国民経済計算体系 (新 SNA) を開発。世界各国の経済状況を全体的に比較することを可能にした。 84年にその功績が認められノーベル経済学賞を受賞。

出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報

<<:  Stone circle

>>:  Stromboli [island] - Stromboli

Rod
Rod
Blog    

Recommend

Kabul (English spelling)

The capital of Afghanistan. Population 700,000 (19...

Sir Henry Creswicke Rawlinson

British orientalist, diplomat, and politician. Bo...

Agricultural Adjustment Act

This is the central law in the New Deal policy of...

Delos [island] - Delos

A small island in the central Aegean Sea, at the c...

Appoggiatura

...The names vary from country to country and fro...

Kimobetsu [town] - Kimobetsu

A town in Abuta County, Hokkaido. Located at the s...

Dada - Dada (English spelling)

An art and literary movement that developed in Eu...

Territorium

...usually refers to the partial states (lands) t...

Environmental variation

A biological term that refers to the variation in...

Everyman (English spelling)

An English morality play. It was written around 14...

Half-assed - Hanjiri

A type of kariginu worn by male nobles from the H...

Kandaulēs (English spelling)

…Reigned from 685 to 657 BC. He killed Candaules ...

Anglo-Japanese Alliance

An alliance with military obligations between Jap...

Onitsura

A haiku poet from the mid-Edo period. He was born...

Lull, R. (English spelling) LullR

…An encyclopedic thinker from Spain. His Spanish ...