Activated complex

Japanese: 活性錯合体 - かっせいさくごうたい(英語表記)activated complex
Activated complex

A chemical reaction starts from the reactant system, passes through an activated state (active system, transition state) and becomes a product system, and the chemical species formed in this activated state is called an activated complex. It is also called an activated complex. In the case of a reversible reaction, the reaction from the product system to the reactant system (reverse reaction) also proceeds, and an activated complex similar to that in the forward reaction is formed along the way. On the other hand, the activated system has a higher energy than the reactant system by the activation energy. For these reasons, an activated complex is a complex that is made up of several atoms involved in the reaction, and is in an activated state where the rearrangement of the atoms (this is a chemical reaction) is possible both in the direction of the reactant system and the direction of the product system. For example, in the reaction in which hydrogen iodide (product system) is produced from the reactant system consisting of hydrogen and iodine, the following activated complexes are considered.


The structure and other properties of this activated complex can be inferred in part from the magnitude of its activation energy and activation entropy, but in reaction transition state theory and absolute reaction kinetics, these are considered theoretically through quantum mechanical calculations of the interactions between the atoms involved in the complex.

[Toda Genjiro and Nakahara Katsunori]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

化学反応は、反応の原系から出発し活性化状態(活性系、遷移状態)を経て生成系になると考え、この活性化状態で形成される化学種を活性錯合体という。活性錯体ともいう。可逆反応ならば、逆に生成系から原系への反応(逆反応)も進行し、その途中に正反応と同じ活性錯合体が形成される。一方、活性系は原系よりも活性化エネルギー分だけ系のエネルギーが高い。これらのことより活性錯合体は、この反応に関与するいくつかの原子からなり、原子どうしの組み替え(これが化学反応である)が、原系の方向へも、生成系の方向へも可能な活性化された状態にある錯合体ということができる。たとえば、水素とヨウ素とからなる原系からヨウ化水素(生成系)ができる反応では、次のような活性錯合体が考えられている。


この活性錯合体の構造や、その他の性質は、活性化エネルギーや活性化エントロピーなどの大きさから一部推定されるが、反応の遷移状態理論や絶対反応速度論では、これを、この錯合体に関与する原子間の相互作用の量子力学的計算により理論的に考察する。

[戸田源治郎・中原勝儼]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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