A city in southern Egypt, located on the right bank of the Nile just downstream of the First Cataract (rapid current). Capital of Aswan Governorate. Population 219,541 (1996). The largest city in Upper Egypt as a commercial and industrial center. Traditionally known as a commercial city and a winter resort, the city developed into an industrial city after the construction of the Aswan Dam 5 km upstream in 1902 and the Aswan High Dam 7 km upstream in 1970. In particular, a hydroelectric power plant (output 345,000 kW) was built at the Aswan Dam in 1961, and the electricity generated by the plant has led to the development of industries such as steel, chemical fertilizers, and food processing. In ancient times, the city was called Syene, and appears in the Bible as the southernmost point of Egypt. It flourished as a dock for ships entering Ethiopia and Sudan, a place of commerce, and a granite quarry. It was also the first place where the Nile flood was observed. Ancient architecture remains on Elephantine Island in the Nile in front of the city, royal tombs and a Coptic monastery on the left bank, and the Temple of Isis (registered as a World Heritage Site in 1979) remains on Philae Island upstream. There are rail and air routes from Cairo, and it is a popular tourist destination with many foreign visitors. [Hiroshi Fujii] [References] |A huge rockfill dam constructed on the Nile River. Aswan, Egypt ©Shogakukan "> Aswan High Dam Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
エジプト南部、ナイル川第一カタラクト(急流)のすぐ下流右岸にある都市。アスワン県の県都。人口21万9541(1996)。商工業の中心地として上エジプト地方第一の都市である。従来より商都、避寒地として知られていたが、1902年に5キロメートル上流にアスワン・ダムが、1970年にはその7キロメートル上流にアスワン・ハイ・ダムが完成し、工業都市として発展した。とくに、1961年アスワン・ダムに水力発電所(出力34万5000キロワット)を建設、その電力により鉄鋼、化学肥料、食品加工などの工業が発達している。古代にはシエネSyeneとよばれ、エジプト南限の地として聖書にも登場し、エチオピア、スーダンへの入口の船着き場、商取引の場、花崗(かこう)岩の石切場として栄えた。またナイル川の洪水は最初にここで観測された。市街地の正面にあるナイル川内のエレファンティン島には古代の建築、左岸には王墓やコプト教修道院、上流のフィラエ島にはイシス神殿(1979年、世界文化遺産に登録)が残っている。カイロから鉄道、航空路があり、観光地として外国人客の訪問も多い。 [藤井宏志] [参照項目] |ナイル川に建設された巨大なロックフィルダム。エジプト アスワン©Shogakukan"> アスワン・ハイ・ダム 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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