Gassendi, Pierre

Japanese: ガッサンディ(英語表記)Gassendi, Pierre
Gassendi, Pierre
Born January 22, 1592, Chantelsier, Provence
Died October 24, 1655. French philosopher, scientist, and priest in Paris. Professor of philosophy at Aix (Aix-en-Provence) from 1617 to 1623. Professor of mathematics at the Collège Royal (the precursor to the Collège de France) in 1645. His philosophical stance can be summarized as skepticism and Epicureanism. His skepticism was moderate, somewhere between absolute skepticism and dogmatism, and held that the source of our knowledge is our senses, and that we cannot recognize true existence, but that we can explain the world of phenomena by induction from experience. He presented the Epicurean atomism as the most excellent system for explaining phenomena, and in an attempt to harmonize it with Christianity, he acknowledged the immortality of the soul and the ability of the intellect to form general concepts. In his theory of morality, he followed Epicurus and recognized happiness in the harmony of the mind and body. His philosophy, which he engaged in fierce debates with R. Descartes, had a great influence on J. Locke's empiricism and modern materialism. His major works include Syntagma Philosophicum (1658), "Exercitationes paradoxicae adversus Aristotelaeos" (24), "Disquisitiones Anticartesianae" (43), and "De vita, Moribus et doctrina Epicuri" (47).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1592.1.22. プロバンス,シャンテルシエ
[没]1655.10.24. パリ
フランスの哲学者,科学者,司祭。 1617~23年エクス (エクサンプロバンス) の哲学教授。 45年コレージュ・ロワイヤル (コレージュ・ド・フランスの前身) の数学教授。彼の哲学的立場は懐疑論とエピクロス主義に要約される。彼の懐疑論は,絶対的懐疑論と独断論の中間をいく穏健なもので,われわれの知識の源泉は感覚であり,真実在を認識することはできないが,経験からの帰納によって現象界を説明することができる,とする。最もすぐれた現象説明の体系として,彼はエピクロス的原子論を仮説として提示し,これをキリスト教と調和させようとして,魂の不死や知性の一般概念形成能力を認めた。道徳論でもエピクロスに従って,心身の調和のうちに幸福を認めた。 R.デカルトと対立して激しい論争を展開した彼の哲学は,J.ロックの経験論や近世唯物論に大きな影響を与えた。主著『哲学体系論』 Syntagma Philosophicum (1658) ,"Exercitationes paradoxicae adversus Aristotelaeos" (24) ,"Disquisitiones Anticartesianae" (43) ,"De vita,Moribus et doctrina Epicuri" (47) など。

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