Fallacy of Illegality - Law Enforcement

Japanese: 違法性の錯誤 - いほうせいのさくご

...Broadly speaking, there are the strict intent theory, which considers awareness of illegality to be a requirement of intent; the limited intent theory, which considers the possibility of awareness of illegality, not awareness of illegality, to be a requirement of intent; and the responsibility theory, which considers awareness of illegality to be a requirement of responsibility, not intent. The conclusion is different in cases of mistake of illegality (mistake of law), that is, when the actor acts without knowing that it is not legally permitted, or in the mistaken belief that it is legally permitted. There are two types of intent: definite intent, which recognizes the occurrence of a result as certain, and uncertain intent, which recognizes it as uncertain. ...

From 【Mistake】

…Of these various theories, the prevailing theory and precedents take the legal conformity theory, but in recent years, the revised concrete conformity theory has also been strongly advocated. (2) Mistake of law (mistake of illegality, mistake of prohibition) This refers to a case where the perpetrator was unaware or mistakenly believed that the act was not permitted by law. For example, this refers to a case where someone steals something from another person because they believe that they will not be punished by law. …

*Some explanations of terms that refer to "misconception of illegality" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…大別すれば，違法性の意識は故意の要件だと解する厳格故意説，違法性の意識ではなく，違法性の意識の可能性が故意の要件であると解する制限故意説，そして，違法性の意識は故意の要件ではなく，責任の要件であると解する責任説がある。違法性の錯誤(法律の錯誤)，つまり，行為者が法律上許されないと知らずに，または法律上許されていると誤信して行為した場合に結論が異なる。　なお，故意の種類として，結果の発生を確実なものとして認識する確定的故意とこれを不確定なものと認識している不確定的故意とがある。…