The capital of Catania Province in the Autonomous Region of Sicily in southern Italy. Population 306,464 (2001 census preliminary figure). It is located on the eastern coast of Sicily, at the southern foot of Mount Etna, on the edge of the fertile Catania Plain. Its population is smaller than that of the regional capital, Palermo, but its economic importance is the highest on the island. The slopes of Mount Etna produce citrus fruits, grapes, and olives, while the improved plains produce grains and livestock, and the city is a distribution center for these abundant and diverse agricultural and livestock products. In terms of industry, there is activity in the food, pharmaceutical, chemical (fertilizer), machinery, electronics, and textile sectors, and tourism is also thriving. However, the smelting and export of sulfur, which was once active, is now in decline. [Kenichi Sakai] historyThe origin of the city dates back to the founding of a colony by the Chalcis in the first half of the 8th century BC. Its ancient name was Catana. Catania's history is marked by frequent and serious damage caused by large earthquakes (for example, in 1169 and 1693) and the eruption of Mount Etna (121 BC and 1669). In particular, two disasters in the late 17th century caused the loss of two-thirds of the population and most of the buildings. However, the city recovered remarkably afterwards and was rebuilt with a new face as a commercial city. There are ruins of a Roman theater, baths, aqueducts, and the like, as well as the medieval cathedral (11th century) and Ursino Castle (13th century), but the buildings in the "historic center" are mostly Baroque in style, reflecting the circumstances of the disasters in the 17th century. [Kenichi Sakai] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
イタリア南部、シチリア自治州カターニア県の県都。人口30万6464(2001国勢調査速報値)。シチリア島東岸、エトナ火山の南麓(なんろく)、肥沃(ひよく)なカターニア平野の縁に位置する。人口は州都パレルモより少ないが、経済的重要度では島内随一の座を占める。エトナの斜面は柑橘(かんきつ)類、ブドウ、オリーブを産する一方、土地改良が施された平野部は穀物、家畜などを産し、市はそうした豊富で多様な農畜産物の集散地となっている。工業面では、食品、製薬、化学(肥料)、機械、エレクトロニクス、繊維部門での活動がみられるし、また観光業が躍進している。ただ、かつて盛んに行われていた硫黄(いおう)の製錬・輸出は、現在では衰退している。 [堺 憲一] 歴史市の起源は、紀元前8世紀前半のカルキス人による植民地建設までさかのぼる。古名はカタナCatana。カターニアの歴史を特徴づけるのは、大規模な地震(たとえば1169年、1693年)と、エトナの噴火(前121年、1669年)によってしばしば大きな被害を受けたことである。とりわけ17世紀後半の二つの災害のため、住民の3分の2と大部分の建物が失われたといわれる。ところが、その後の復興も目覚ましく、面目を新たに商業都市として再建された。ローマ時代の劇場、浴場、水道などの遺跡、中世の大聖堂(11世紀)やウルシノ城(13世紀)があるが、「歴史地区」の建築物は、17世紀の災害という事情を反映して、バロック風のものが多い。 [堺 憲一] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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