Wilhelm Groener

German soldier and politician. He was involved in planning and implementing military rail transport and mobilization plans, and during World War I, as head of the Munitions Agency, he worked to establish a total war system, contacted labor unions to mobilize the workforce, and intervened in labor-management disputes. In October 1918, he became Deputy Chief of Staff, succeeding Ludendorff, and during the German Revolution in November of that year, he cooperated with Ebert of the Social Democrats to suppress the radicalization of the revolution and establish the Weimar Republic. However, he incurred the resentment of right-wingers for abandoning the Kaiser and agreeing to accept the Treaty of Versailles. He served as Minister of Transport from 1920 to 1923, and as Minister of Defense from 1928 to 1932, he worked to strengthen the military, and also served as Minister of the Interior from 1931 to 1932, and attempted to suppress the Nazi Sturmabteilung (SA), but was defeated by the opposition of the president and the military.

[Teruo Yoshida]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

ドイツの軍人、政治家。軍の鉄道輸送・動員計画の立案・実施に従事し、第一次世界大戦中には、軍需庁長官として総力戦体制の樹立に努め、労働力を動員するため労働組合と接触し、労資紛争に介入した。1918年10月ルーデンドルフの後任として参謀次長となり、同年11月のドイツ革命では社会民主党のエーベルトと協力して革命の急進化を抑え、ワイマール共和国を成立させた。だが、このとき皇帝を見殺しにし、ベルサイユ条約受諾に同意したとして、右翼の反感を買った。1920～1923年に交通相となり、1928～1932年国防相として軍の強化に努め、1931～1932年には内相をも兼任し、ナチ突撃隊（SA(エスアー)）の弾圧を試みたが、大統領、軍部の反対にあって失脚。

［吉田輝夫］

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