Agency Delegated Affairs - Kikan Ininjimu

This was the concept before the decentralization reforms of 2000, and refers to affairs delegated to prefectural governors, mayors of cities, towns, and villages, and various administrative committees by the national government, other local governments, and other public organizations (Articles 148, 180-8, 180-9, 186, and 202-2 of the Local Autonomy Act before the 2000 amendment). It was the opposite of group delegated affairs delegated to local governments themselves.

Legally, it was the business of the delegating organization (generally the nation) and not the business of the local government, so the delegated governor was subject to the command and supervision of the competent minister, and the mayors of cities, towns and villages were subject to the command and supervision of the competent minister and the governor (Article 150 of the same law). The system of mandate lawsuits was available as a means of supervision. On the other hand, the assembly could only ask for explanations and express opinions (Article 99 of the same law), and could not enact ordinances. Examples of this were listed in Schedules 3 and 4 of the Local Autonomy Law at the time, but there were many issues that had both national and local characteristics, such as welfare, pollution, the environment, and consumer protection. In response to this, questions had long been raised from the standpoint of respecting local autonomy about the weak authority of local governments. In addition, in reality, the distinction between agency-delegated affairs and autonomous affairs was unclear, and in the field of local governments, the assembly also controlled agency-delegated affairs through the budget, so the phenomenon of agency-delegated affairs becoming autonomous affairs was seen. In the decentralization reform of 2000, taking these circumstances into consideration, the concept of agency-delegated affairs was abolished, and basically the affairs of the local public entities that handled them became autonomous affairs. These are divided into local government affairs and statutory entrusted affairs, but in both cases the right to enact ordinances has been recognized, and the system of lawsuits for mandamus execution has been abolished.

[Yasuhito Abe]

"Japan Association of Local Government Studies, ed., 'Agency Delegated Affairs and Local Autonomy' (1997, Keibundo) " "Local Government Research Institute, ed., 'How to Read the Revision of the Local Autonomy Law' (1999, Local Government Research Institute)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

2000年（平成12）の地方分権改革以前の観念で、国、他の地方公共団体その他公共団体から都道府県知事、市町村長、各種行政委員会に委任された事務（2000年改正施行前の地方自治法148条・180条の8・180条の9・186条・202条の2）をさす。自治体自身に委任された団体委任事務に対するものであった。

　法的には委任した団体（一般には国）の事務であって、自治体の事務ではないので、委任された知事は主務大臣の、市町村長は主務大臣と知事の指揮監督に服した。（同150条）。その監督方法として職務執行命令訴訟制度があった。他方、議会は単に説明を求め意見を述べることができる（同99条）にすぎず、条例も制定できなかった。その例は当時の地方自治法別表第3、第4に掲げられたが、福祉、公害、環境、消費者保護など、全国的性格をもつと同時に地方的性格を併有するものが少なくなかった。これに対し、自治体の権限が弱いことについては地方自治尊重の見地からかねて疑問が出されていた。また、現実には機関委任事務と自治事務の区別はあいまいであるうえ、自治体の現場では、議会も予算を通じて機関委任事務を統制しているので、機関委任事務の自治事務化の現象がみられた。2000年の地方分権改革ではこれらの事情をふまえ、機関委任事務の観念は廃止され、基本的にはその事務を処理する地方公共団体の事務となった。それは自治事務と法定受託事務に分けられるが、いずれにおいても条例制定権が認められ、職務執行命令訴訟制度は廃止された。

［阿部泰隆］

『日本地方自治学会編『機関委任事務と地方自治』（1997・敬文堂）』▽『自治体問題研究所編『地方自治法改正の読みかた』（1999・自治体研究社）』

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