Also called systematic geography. Geography that explores principles or general laws common to the entire earth surface, regardless of region. One of the two major fields of geography, as opposed to regional geography. General geography is further divided into physical geography and human geography. It usually focuses on the present, and historical geography deals with geographical events of the past. Cartography, statistics, quantitative geography, and field surveys are used as technical tools for research. It developed in ancient Greece, but declined during the Middle Ages except in Arabia, then revived during the Age of Discovery from the end of the 15th century, and took the form of a modern science in the 19th century. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
系統地理学ともいう。地域のいかんにかかわらず全地表に共通する原理もしくは一般法則を探究する地理学。地理学の二大分野の一つで,地誌 (地域地理学) に対する。一般地理学は,さらに自然地理学と人文地理学に大別される。通常は現在を研究の対象としており,過去の地理学的事象を取扱うのは特に歴史地理学と呼ばれる。地図学,統計学,計量地理学,野外調査などは,研究の技術的手段として利用される。古代ギリシアにおいて発達したが,中世にはアラビアを除いて一時衰え,15世紀末からの大航海時代に再び興り,19世紀に入り近代科学の形をとるにいたった。
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