Ichijifusaigi - once and for all

Japanese: 一事不再議 - いちじふさいぎ
Ichijifusaigi - once and for all

This refers to the principle that a matter that has already been decided in a House should not be deliberated again during the same session. It is called this in distinction from the "double jeopardy" principle in the Civil Procedure Law. Repeated deliberation of an issue that has already been decided not only makes the decision unstable, but also reduces the efficiency of the meeting and is undesirable in terms of the management of proceedings. This principle is linked to the session system, but does not apply when the sessions are different. The Meiji Constitution recognized this principle by stating that "A bill rejected by either House may not be submitted again during the same session" (Article 39). Although it is not explicitly stated in the current Constitution, this is thought to be in order to avoid a contradiction with the provision that the House of Representatives may re-vote on a bill that has been passed by the House of Representatives but not by the House of Councillors (Article 59, Clause 2 of the Constitution). However, this principle is a principle in the management of proceedings in a collegial body, and is applied in both Houses of the National Diet and local assemblies. As an exception, if circumstances have changed, the objectives or means are different, or new reasons have arisen, the same issue may be subject to reconsideration as the issue has changed.

[Masaaki Ikeda]

[ Reference item]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

議院において一度議決した案件については、同じ会期中に重ねて審議することをしないという原則をさす。訴訟法上の「一事不再理」と区別してこうよばれる。すでに決定した問題について、重ねて審議することは、議決を不安定にするばかりでなく、会議の能率を低下させて議事の運営上好ましくない。会期制と結び付いている原則であるが、会期が異なる場合はこの原則の適用はない。明治憲法は「両議院ノ一ニ於(おい)テ否決シタル法律案ハ同会期中ニ於テ再ヒ提出スルコトヲ得ス」(39条)としてこの原則を認めていた。現行憲法では明文はないが、これは法律案の議決について、衆議院で可決し参議院でこれと異なった議決をした法律等は衆議院で再議決することができる(憲法59条2項)という規定との矛盾を避けるためと考えられる。しかし、この原則は合議体の議事運営上の条理ともいうべきもので、国会両院および地方議会において運用されている。例外として、事情が変わったため、目的・手段が異なったり、あるいは新たな理由が生じた場合は、同じ問題でも問題が変わったとして再議に付すことがある。

[池田政章]

[参照項目] | 一事不再理

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