…Similar analyses of the normative consciousness of delinquent youths include the “delinquency neutralization techniques theory” and the “latent value theory” by Mazza and GM Sykes. The “social reaction (labeling) theory” by EM Lemert, HS Becker, EMSchur, and others was developed mainly in the 1960s and 1970s, but it takes a different perspective from the above theories, focusing on the interaction between those who engage in deviant behavior and the members of society and judicial institutions who stigmatize them as deviants, and points out that crime and delinquency are acts that society labels as crime and delinquency, and that social reaction itself creates deviants. This shift in perspective pointed out the need to consider the legislative process, the criminal justice process, diversion, and dark numbers in crime statistics, and promoted research in this field. … *Some of the terminology that mentions "Becker, HS" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…同様に非行少年の規範意識を分析したものに,マッツァとサイクスG.M.Sykesによる〈非行中和技術理論〉〈潜在的価値理論〉などがある。 レマートE.M.Lemert,ベッカーH.S.Becker,シュアーE.M.Schurなどによる〈社会的反作用(ラベリング)理論〉は,主として1960年代から70年代に展開されたが,これは以上の諸理論と視点を異にし,逸脱行動を行う者とそれに対して逸脱者としての烙印を押す社会の構成員や司法機関などとの相互作用に着目し,犯罪・非行とは社会の側がある行為を犯罪・非行であるとレッテルを貼った行為であるとして,社会的反作用自体が逸脱者を生み出す点を指摘する。このような視座の転換によって,立法過程,刑事司法過程,ディバージョン,犯罪統計上の暗数などについての考察の必要性が指摘され,その研究が推進された。… ※「Becker,H.S.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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