Ishizaka Kousei

Japanese: 石坂公成 - いしざかきみしげ
Ishizaka Kousei
Born: December 3, 1925 in Tokyo
[Died] July 6, 2018. Yamagata, Yamagata Immunologist. Graduated from the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Tokyo in 1948, and headed the Immunoserum Laboratory of the Serum Department at the National Institute of Health (→National Institute of Infectious Diseases) in 1953. In 1962, he was an assistant professor at the University of Colorado in the United States, a professor at Johns Hopkins University from 1970 to 1989, and a professor at Kyoto University from 1974 to 1980. From 1989 to 1996, he was director of the La Jolla Institute of Allergy and Immunology and a professor of the Department of Internal Medicine at the University of California. There are many types of immunoglobulins (Ig) that play a central role in immune responses, but Ishizaka discovered the fifth immunoglobulin. In 1966, he purified a component that showed a positive response to the PK (Prausnitz-Küstner) reaction, known as the antibody reaction in the blood of allergic disease patients, from a patient with ragweed pollen allergy, and succeeded in injecting it into rabbits to produce antibodies. This means that the PK reaction-positive component is a type of immunoglobulin, and it later came to be called IgE. For these discoveries and his research into the mechanisms of this type of immune response, Ishizaka was awarded the Order of Culture in 1974, the Japan Academy Prize and the Imperial Prize in the same year, and the First Class Order of the Sacred Treasure in 1999.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1925.12.3. 東京
[没]2018.7.6. 山形,山形
免疫学者。1948年東京大学医学部卒業,1953年国立予防衛生研究所(→国立感染症研究所)血清部免疫血清室長を経て,1962年アメリカ合衆国のコロラド大学助教授,1970~89年ジョンズ・ホプキンズ大学教授,1974~80年京都大学教授を兼任。1989~96年ラホヤ・アレルギー免疫研究所所長およびカリフォルニア大学内科教授。免疫反応には何種類もの免疫グロブリン Igが中心的役割を果たしているが,石坂はそのうち 5番目の免疫グロブリンを発見した。1966年にアレルギー疾患患者の血中抗体反応として知られる P-K(プラウスニッツ=キュストナー)反応に陽性を示す成分をブタクサ花粉症患者から精製,それをウサギに注射して抗体をつくらせることに成功した。これは P-K反応陽性成分が免疫グロブリンの一種であることを意味しており,のちに IgEと呼ばれるようになった。石坂はこれらの発見およびこのタイプの免疫反応の仕組みに関する研究で,1974年文化勲章を受章,同年日本学士院賞・恩賜賞を受賞。1999年勲一等瑞宝章受章。

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