Voluntary retirement - Igantaishoku

In a broad sense, it refers to all cases in which the labor relationship is terminated for reasons other than the death of the worker (generally including dismissal) (for example, the term "resignation" in the "matters related to retirement" section of the work rules as an absolutely necessary item in the Labor Standards Act, Article 89, Paragraph 1, Item 3, is used in this sense). In a narrow sense, it means the termination of the labor relationship by the unilateral expression of the worker's will, that is, resignation (however, in the National Personnel Authority regulations, this term means a public servant resigning of his/her own will, also called voluntary retirement), and is different from dismissal, which is the termination of the labor relationship by the unilateral expression of the employer's will, and further, mutual termination, which is the termination of the labor relationship based on the agreement of both labor and management. Unlike dismissal, the Labor Standards Act does not have any provisions regarding retirement other than the immediate termination of the labor contract when the clearly stated working conditions are contrary to the facts (Article 15, Paragraph 2), so legal issues regarding retirement are judged under the application of the general provisions of the Civil Code.

*Some explanations of terms that refer to "voluntary resignation" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…広義には労働者の死亡以外の原因(一般に解雇を含む)で，広く労働関係が解消される場合のすべてを指す(例えば，労働基準法89条1項3号の就業規則の絶対的必要記載事項としての〈退職に関する事項〉にいう退職はこの意味で用いられている)。狭義には労働者の一方的意思表示によって労働関係を解消すること，すなわち辞職(ただしこの言葉は人事院規則では，公務員がみずからの意思により退職することをいい，依願退職ともいう)を意味し，使用者の一方的意思表示による労働関係の終了である解雇，さらには労使双方の合意に基づく労働関係の解消としての合意解約とは異なる。労働基準法は，解雇の場合とは異なり退職に関しては，明示された労働条件が事実に反する場合の労働契約の即時解約(15条2項)について以外なんらの定めをおいていないところから，退職をめぐる法律問題は民法の一般規定の適用の下で判断されることとなる。…

※「依願退職」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報