Kajiwara Shozen

Japanese: 梶原性全 - かじわら・しょうぜん

Year of death: 4th year of Kenmu/2nd year of Engen (1337.2.23)
Year of birth: Bun'ei 3 (1266)
A monk-physician from the late Kamakura period. His pen name was Jokan. He was from Sagami Province (Kanagawa Prefecture) and is said to have been a member of the Kajiwara or Wake clan, a Kamakura samurai family. He lived in Kamakura and is said to have been favored by Nagai Munehide and Kanazawa Sadaaki. In addition to Heian period medicine (Sui and Tang medicine), he also studied newly arrived Song medical literature. His 50-volume Ton'i-sho, completed in either Kengen 1 (1302) or Kagen 2 (1304), is a comprehensive medical text written in simple Japanese, using a mixture of kana, and includes diagrams of the internal organs. Although it was influenced by the Northern Song Dynasty's Taiping Sei Eho (992), it also included his own theories and placed emphasis on personal experience and practical use. "Man'anho" (50 volumes in total, later 62 volumes), written between 1315 and 1327, quotes many medical documents in their original Chinese, such as the newly arrived "Seijieshoroku", and is of great philological value. Both works make use of a wide range of documentary materials based on the Kanazawa Bunko collection, and show the highest level of medical knowledge in the Kamakura period.

(Hiroshi Kozodo)

Source: Asahi Japanese Historical Biography: Asahi Shimbun Publications Inc. About Asahi Japanese Historical Biography

Japanese:

没年：建武4/延元2.1.22(1337.2.23)
生年：文永3(1266)
鎌倉後期の僧医。号は浄観。相模国(神奈川県)の人で鎌倉武家の梶原氏もしくは和気氏の一族ともいわれる。鎌倉に住み,長井宗秀や金沢貞顕らの知遇を得たらしい。平安時代の医学(隋唐医学)に加えて新渡来の宋医学文献を渉猟。乾元1(1302)年ないしは嘉元2(1304)年に完成した『頓医抄』全50巻は仮名交じりで平易に書かれた医学全書で,内臓図も載せている。北宋の『太平聖恵方』(992)の影響下にあるが,自説も記し,自家経験と実用を重視している。正和4(1315)年～嘉暦2(1327)年ごろにかけて著述した『万安方』全50巻(のち62巻)は新渡来の『聖済総録』など多数の医学文献を漢文のまま引用しており,文献学的価値が高い。いずれも金沢文庫を背景とする広範な文献資料の活用が認められ,鎌倉期の医学知識の最高水準を知ることができる。

(小曾戸洋)

出典　朝日日本歴史人物事典：（株）朝日新聞出版朝日日本歴史人物事典について　情報

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