Tacit knowledge

Japanese: 暗黙知 - あんもくち(英語表記)Tacit knowledge
Tacit knowledge

Knowledge that cannot be verbalized. A term used by Hungarian physical chemist and social scientist M. Polanyi, who discussed it in "Dimensions of Tacit Knowledge" (originally published in 1966). Parts based on human physicality are often unable to be verbalized. For example, much of how to ride a bicycle cannot be verbalized.

In the 1980s, when expert systems were actively developed, there were many attempts to program the knowledge of experts, but this tacit knowledge could not be programmed because the experts themselves could not verbalize it. Some researchers advocate "explicitizing tacit knowledge," but in principle, something that cannot be verbalized should be called tacit knowledge.

Deep learning, which has recently been attracting attention, is capable of learning from a large number of samples without a teacher, so it is hoped that some tacit knowledge may be able to be learned (without being able to put it into words).

[Hideyuki Nakajima July 19, 2019]

[References] | Expert Systems | Deep Learning | Polanyi

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

言語化できない知識。ハンガリーの物理化学者、社会科学者であるM・ポランニーの用語で、『暗黙知の次元』(原著は1966年)で議論された。人間の身体性に基づいた部分は言語化できないことが多い。たとえば、自転車の乗り方の多くの部分は言語化できない。

 エキスパートシステムが盛んに開発されていた1980年代には、エキスパート(専門家)の知識をプログラム化する試みが多く存在したが、この暗黙知の部分はエキスパート自身が言語化できないので、プログラム化できなかった。「暗黙知の形式知化」を唱える研究者もいるが、原理的に言語化できないものを暗黙知とよぶべきであろう。

 なお、最近注目されているディープラーニング(深層学習)では、大量のサンプルから教師なしで学習できる場合があるので、暗黙知の一部は(言語化できないままで)学習可能になるのではないかと期待されている。

[中島秀之 2019年7月19日]

[参照項目] | エキスパートシステム | ディープラーニング | ポランニー

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

<<:  Ammocoetes - Ammocoetes

>>:  Anmokuji - Anmokuji

Recommend

Self-defense

"An act that is unavoidable in order to defe...

Closed Gate - Heimon

〘noun〙① To close the gate. To close the gate and n...

service station

…Traditionally, they were called gas stations or ...

Rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms of Wu and Chu

In 154 BC during the reign of Emperor Jing of the...

S&W Firearms Company - S&W Firearms Company

… [Ikuho Osawa]. … *The following is a partial ex...

Iodine (iodine)

Periodic table Element symbol = I Atomic number = ...

Benishijimi (English name: small copper)

A butterfly belonging to the order Lepidoptera, f...

Emporion (English spelling)

Massilia was an ancient colony located on the Medi...

Half-collar - Han-eri

Also called a sogi collar. A collar sewn onto the ...

Kanden

(1) The fields provided for the Emperor under the...

Hugo Marie De Vries

1848‐1935 Dutch botanist. Educated at the Universi...

Sunagawa [city] - Sunagawa

A city in the northern part of the Ishikari Plain ...

Chrysopa intima (English spelling) Chrysopaintima

…Udonga (Udonge) [Shigehiko Tsukaguchi]. … *Some ...

Japan Ground Self-Defense Force

The Self-Defense Forces, whose mission is to defen...

Kusakabe Kukou

...A patriot during the late Edo period. His give...