Knowledge that cannot be verbalized. A term used by Hungarian physical chemist and social scientist M. Polanyi, who discussed it in "Dimensions of Tacit Knowledge" (originally published in 1966). Parts based on human physicality are often unable to be verbalized. For example, much of how to ride a bicycle cannot be verbalized. In the 1980s, when expert systems were actively developed, there were many attempts to program the knowledge of experts, but this tacit knowledge could not be programmed because the experts themselves could not verbalize it. Some researchers advocate "explicitizing tacit knowledge," but in principle, something that cannot be verbalized should be called tacit knowledge. Deep learning, which has recently been attracting attention, is capable of learning from a large number of samples without a teacher, so it is hoped that some tacit knowledge may be able to be learned (without being able to put it into words). [Hideyuki Nakajima July 19, 2019] [References] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
言語化できない知識。ハンガリーの物理化学者、社会科学者であるM・ポランニーの用語で、『暗黙知の次元』(原著は1966年)で議論された。人間の身体性に基づいた部分は言語化できないことが多い。たとえば、自転車の乗り方の多くの部分は言語化できない。 エキスパートシステムが盛んに開発されていた1980年代には、エキスパート(専門家)の知識をプログラム化する試みが多く存在したが、この暗黙知の部分はエキスパート自身が言語化できないので、プログラム化できなかった。「暗黙知の形式知化」を唱える研究者もいるが、原理的に言語化できないものを暗黙知とよぶべきであろう。 なお、最近注目されているディープラーニング(深層学習)では、大量のサンプルから教師なしで学習できる場合があるので、暗黙知の一部は(言語化できないままで)学習可能になるのではないかと期待されている。 [中島秀之 2019年7月19日] [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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