… A cell called a neuron has three distinct parts: (1) a cell body (soma) that surrounds the nucleus, (2) dendrites (dendritic projections) that carry impulses toward the cell body, and (3) a single axon (although it has many branches) that sends impulses away from the cell body. When a neuron generates a spike in the body, an impulse is first generated at the beginning of the axon (the axon hillock). … From [Nerve Fibers]…Nerve cell processes often have a uniform thickness over distances of several millimeters to several centimeters, and sometimes even up to 1 meter. Such a cord-like process, together with the structure that covers it (such as the myelin sheath or Schwann sheath), is called a nerve fiber. The cord-like process that forms the axis of a nerve fiber is called an axon. Axons can be those that transmit stimuli away from the nerve cell body (neurites) or those that transmit stimuli toward the nerve cell body (dendrites). … *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "axon" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
… ニューロンと呼ばれる細胞には三つの部分が区別される。すなわち,(1)核を取り囲む細胞体soma,(2)興奮を細胞体のほうへ伝える樹状突起dendrites,(3)興奮を細胞体から送り出す1本の軸索axon(ただし,分枝は多い)である。生体内でニューロンがスパイクを発生するときには,まず軸索の起始部(軸索小丘axon‐hillock)のところからインパルスが形成される。… 【神経繊維】より…神経細胞の突起には数mmから数cm,ときには1m近くまでの距離にわたりほぼ一定の太さを示すものが多く,そのようないわば索状の突起とこれの覆いをなす構造(髄鞘あるいはシュワン鞘など)を合わせたものを神経繊維という。神経繊維の軸をなす,上記のごとき索状の突起を軸索axonと称する。軸索をなすものは,神経細胞体から遠ざかる向きに刺激を伝えるもの(神経突起neurite)であったり,神経細胞体に近づく向きに刺激を伝えるもの(樹状突起dendrite)であったりする。… ※「axon」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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